VIII.. XVII BTi). *r. 



AND HORTICULTURxiL REGISTER, 



371 



.liinking in the vegetable and animal worlJ. 



ith, a ^mall lack of food is more beneficial to 



h and long life, than a superabundance of it. 



msplanting evergreens, the first attention is 



gifted, can look back upon its devoted and success- 

 ful labors with purer satisfaction and pleasure than 

 in that of general agricultural improvement. We 

 do not mean, of course, the mere productiveness of 



paid to the time for the removal. We prefer agricultural labor in a pecuniary view; but the 



lie season when they are shooting most vigorously, 

 m.! if the new shoot has started two or three inches, 

 ivitli us it is no objection. They are taken up with 

 iiucli care to preserve the roots, and if the earth 

 joniLS with them it is well ; if not, g-cou^Hig or roll- 

 ing ihem in earth and water of the consistency of 

 1 I'u.Wing, should be resorted to. If removed in a 

 i!;iv Mhen the sun shines, the root should be pro- 

 t I ' -I from its rays. In transplanting, the pit 

 fli i'l be amply large, and when the roots are fair- 

 ly covered with fine eartii, a pailful of water should 

 be poured into each pit and the remainder of the 

 earth thrown in. The first year they should be 

 frequently watered, if the season is dry. We know 

 an individual who set out a number in 1838, and 

 who watered them every day. The consequence 

 was, his trees all lived and grow well the season 

 they were removed. These trees were brought 

 from a cold and wet, to a dry soil, so that last year 

 they had less water tlian usual, and this year none 

 by artificial means. 



Another error we have seen in transplanting ev- 

 ergreens is, in getting those too large. Being un- 

 willing to wait for a tree to grow, we set out those 

 of too great a size, only to see them die. Man can- 

 not change his climate or occupation in after life 

 without evil, often fatal consequences to his healtli ; 

 and while hia habits (if good) are formed to his cir- 

 cumstances when young, and they must not be bro- 

 ken in upon, — so with trees : their circumstances 

 are adapted to their cases, and if one changes, the 

 other must, and tlie earlier this charge is efiected 

 the easier it is got over. An evergreen, set when 

 small by a larger one, v/ill reach it in size in a few, 

 very few years, and will soon pass by it and ksep 

 ahead. 



Pruning evergreens is more fatal the first year 

 than when performed on deciduous trees, so much 

 so tliat we prefer letting them entirely alone. If 

 pruned, however, something should be applied to 

 prevent the exudation of the gum or resin : grafting 

 wax is very good for this purpose. 



Evergreens which grow in the shade of other 

 trees should have a simUar locality again. Some 

 of them cannot endure the hot rays of the sun or 

 the twisting of the winds. Such are the Kalinias, 

 as beautiful flowering shrubs as the world affords. 

 Now for two weeks is the time for transplanting 

 them. W. B. 



Mount Osceola, May 15, 18-39. 



STATE OF THE SEASON 1839. 

 We feel ourselves much indebted to Mr Lowell 

 for the subjoined notices of the season. He has 

 for several years favored the public in this way, 

 and his reports and comparisons are always locked 

 for with great interest. There is not an individual 

 in the country to whom the agricultural and horti- 

 cultural community are more largely indebted than 

 to this gentleman ; and we know that no one can 

 enjoy more than himself in seeing everywhere sec- 

 onded and urged forward the powerful impulse giv- 

 en to agricultural improvement by his intelligence, 

 practical skill, and public spirit years since, in con- 

 nexion with other distinguished and patriotic indi- 

 viduals, several of whom are still in the field and 

 at the plough. We venture to say that there never 

 was a cause in which a good mind however highly 



promotion of the general intelligence, comfort, in 

 dependence, and good morals of the agricultura 

 community — the multiplication and diffusion of the 

 simple and healthful luxuries of rural life, and the 

 security and increase of the rewards of labor, di- 

 rected where Divine Providence first designed it 

 should be directed, and where it may always be in- 

 nocently applied, in compelling the earth to bring 

 forth her inexhaustible treasures. H. C. 



Roxbury, May 21, 1839. 



To THE Editor or the N. E. Farmf.r — At 

 your request, 1 send you a comparison of the pres- 

 ent season, as to its temperature and present pros- 

 pects, with several others. It is well known that 

 the past winter was a mild one, and very little in- 

 jury was done to the fruit trees. The tenderest of 

 them, the peach, did not lose a bud, and the blos- 

 som of that fruit was never greater. The present 

 season is a remarkable example of the variableness 

 of our climate, and that it can never be safely af- 

 firmed that one of our springs is early or late until 

 it is past. On the first of May the season was 14 

 days earlier than that of the preceding one ; yet 

 since that time we have had seven severe frosts, 

 six of them in eight days in succession. I have 

 been asked whether the frosts have injured the 

 fruit.' I answer, that from my experience frosts in 

 the spring seldom hurt the fruits, even the tender- 

 est ; never, I believe, unless severe enough to dis- 

 color the young foliage. No — the great enemy to 

 fruits is cold, long-continued rains, or north-east 

 storms, while the blossoms are expanded, checking 

 the ascent of sap while the fruit is setting, or just 

 after it is set. This is the cause of the falling of 

 the young apples, pears, cherries and peaches, 

 sometimes after they arrive to the size of chesnuts. 



I will now compare the present year witli five 

 very early seasons and five very late ones within the 

 last thirty years. 

 In 1839— Cherries and peaches opened May 



In 18] 5— Cherries opening May 10, 



Apples in fullest flower May 27. 



In 1816 — Cherries opening INIay <3, 



.\pples opening May 18. 



In 1829 — Cherries opening May 9, 



Apples opening May 15. 



Thus it is proved that the present season must 

 be classed with the early ones, and in other more 

 important respects it is certainly to be deemed one 

 of the most propitious ones. Copious, seasonable, 

 and not destructive rains have put out of all dan- 

 ger the grass crops and early grain, and brought 

 forward every species of market vegetables with a 

 strength and luxuriousness of growth almost unex- 

 ampled. 



I am, dear sir, vour humble serv't, 



JOHN LOWELL. 

 Upon a more accurate examination of the peach 

 trees, I find that the growing buds do not corres- 

 pond witli the blossoms — that the foliage is bad, ow- 

 ino- probably to overbearing the last season. I was 

 apprehensive of such an eftect last year, as the trees 

 were overloaded with fruit. J. L 



Rocky Mountain currant May 3, 



Plums in full flower M.ay 4, 



Pears opening May 6, 



Apples opening May 12, 



Apples in fullest flower and 



other fruit, out of flower May 21. 

 In five of the earliest years, take the cherry and 



apple as samples. 



In 1822— Cherries in flower May 1, 



Apples in flower May 12, 



Some apples May 9, 



In 1824 — Cherries began to open their 



flowers May 1, 



Apples began to open their 



blossoms May 11. 



In 1825 one of the earliest of all seasons : 



Cherries began to open April 25, 



Apples open their blossoms May 8. 



In 1827 — Cherries began to flower April 25, 

 Apples do. May 12. 



In 1828 — Early cHerries opening May 1, 



Appl-ss opening May 10.. 



In Jive of the late seasons : 



In 1813-^Cherries began to blow May 10, 



Apples begin to blow May 23. 



REPORTS OF FARMS 



Entered with the Massachusetts Agricultural Society 

 for premium, but upon which no premium tvas be- 

 stowed. 



There are of this class four claims, which we 

 shall number A, B, C, D, and publish in succession. 

 We shall not give the names or places of residence 

 of the claimants ; not because their farming is not 

 highly creditable to them, for .that it is, in every 

 case^ as we know from personal inspection ; but 

 because few persons are willing to have tlieir names 

 published in a list of rejected claimants. We know 

 them indeed to be among the very best farmers in 

 the state. Ir. srespect to neatness, industry, improve- 

 ment, skill, ijood management, and success, they 

 are ail prcajiinent examples. Whoever compares 

 their statements with those of the successful claim- 

 ants, will perceive how extremely difficult it was 

 for a committee, who had seen none of the farms, 

 and were anxious to do strict and impartial justice, 

 to come to a decision entirely satisfactory either to 

 themselves or the parties interested. The commu- 

 nity should feel themselves highly indebted to gen- 

 tlemen, willing from the most disinterested and 

 public motives to undertake the unpleasant task of 

 discrimination, where the competitors are all res- 

 pectable and so nearly equal. H. C. 



The Products of (A) farm, for the year 1838 — in 

 reply to the questions of the Massachusetts Agri- 

 cultural Society. 



1. My farm consists of 133 acres. 



2. The soil consists of hard-pan or elay, gravel 

 and loam. 



3. In respect to the management of my lands, I 

 prefer a medium depth in ploughing and without a 

 coulter.. I practise a rotation of crops on the same 

 land in almost every case. I turn over my green 

 sward in the spring, say from 20th of April to 10th 

 of May ; plant with corn or potatoes ; the next 

 year witli oats, and sow with clover and herds 

 grass, though frequently I continue the cultivation 

 imtil the third year, and sow ray oat stubble with 

 winter wheat or rye and then seed as above. 



4. I have planted the past season seven acres 

 with corn, put in the 17th of May. The field was 

 green sward, turned over about the first of May 

 coarse manure was applied to a part of it befor ; 



