VOL. XVIII. NO. a. 



AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER, 



17 



wlio lias also the science ami tlie experience tor 

 teaching, may be better (nialilied lor educating far- 

 mers than any person who makes teaching cicln- 

 sivtl:/ his profession. By connecting his pursuits 

 of science and reading in winter, with his farming 

 operations in summer, he would not only make edu- 

 cation more jiraciical, but farming more scientific, 

 consequently both professions would be benefited. 

 His illustrations and experiments in geology, bota- 

 ny, entomology, chemistry, natural philosuphy, ge- 

 ometry, &c., made for the ben<!tit of his pupils in 

 his school, could be applied, during tlie succeeding 

 summer both by teacher and pupil upon the farm. 



E.\perience fully proves that summer schools, 

 which are composed principally of girls and small 

 boys, are most prosperous unde- the charge of la- 

 dies, as are schools of small chiUl-on at any season. 

 If a farmer should have charge of a school in his 

 own district for a course of years during the win- 

 ter, his sister, or as the case nught be, his daugh- 

 ter, might have this same school during the sum- 

 mer, w hen he would still have a kind of double in- 

 terest in its success. 



It must be evident from these views that the plan 

 here proposed for supplying school teachers, would 

 have at least three advantagis over that now pur- 

 sued, viz: it would be economical, it would make 

 teaching a profession, and it would give schools the 

 advantage of practice with theory. It must also 

 confer upon children two advantages which would 

 be lost, if teaching was ero/iwiitf/i/ a profession, viz : 

 the advantage of experimental knowledge with 

 theory, and to all young children, and to girls ad- 

 vanced in education, the advantage of ladies for 

 their teachers. 



In connection with the system here presented, 

 circuit schools, to be held weekly or semi-monthly, 

 and attended by teachers and lecturers who were 

 familiar with the sciences, and supplied with appar- 

 atus and specimens for illustrating them, would be 

 highly important, especially in aiding young gentle- 

 men and ladies in qualifying themselves tor teach- 

 ing. Much might be said on the economy and 

 power embraced in a .system of itineracy, whether 

 connected with religion or education, but the pres- 



from the cow, is poured into large carthern pitchers 

 and placed in a vat of cold water, which quickly 

 reduces the temperature. It is then placed on 

 shelves until the cream separates, when it is taken 

 oft'and placed in vessels for churning. In these it 

 is first allowed to become a little soured, and then 

 the churn is halt' filled with the cream. In the 

 best dairies, churning is performed daily ; the sys- 

 tem being so arranged, that a supply is constantly 

 in readiness. In winter, a little boiled warm 

 water is added to the cream to give the proper 

 temperature previous to churning ; and in very 

 warm weather, it is sometimes submitted to the 

 cold bath to reduce the heit. The butter, when 

 taken from the churn, is put in a shallow vessel 

 and carefully washed with pure cold water, and 

 tli«n worked with a slight sprinkling of fine salt, 

 whether inti'nded for rolls or for barreling. The 

 biUter is considered best, when the cows have been 

 at grass about three weeks ; it is then delicious — 

 is made into fanciful forms of animals, pyramids, 

 &c., and stuck over with fragrant tlowers, and sells 

 as high as sixty or seventy cents per pound. When 

 intended for packing, the butter is worked up twice 

 or thrice a day, with soft, fine salt, for three days, 

 in a shallow tub ; there being about two pounds of 

 this salt used for fourteen pounds of butter. After 

 this thorough preparatory working, the butter is 

 then hard packed in thin layers into casks made 

 perfectly sweet and clean, 'the wood preferred is 

 oak, smoothed carefully inside. Ihree or four days 

 before they are used, the casks are filled with sour 

 whey, and this stands until they are emptied and 

 cleansed for the packing of the butter. It is clear, 

 from this description, that independent of the per- 

 fect neatness observed in every part of the process, 

 the excellence of the Dutch butter, and the ease 

 with which it is kept in its original sweetness when 

 packed, is owing to the manner in which it is freed 

 from the least particle of buttermilk, by the first 

 washing and the subsequent repeated workings, as 

 well as to the perfect incorporation of the salt by 

 the same process. — There are many of our Ameri- 

 can dairies that produce superior butter ; but as a 

 whole, that oti'ered in our markets is a miserable 



which was pulled from a potato at planting lime, 

 and set by itself in level ground in a garden, and 

 not hilled at all during the summer. The mother 

 potato from which the sprout was taken, also, by 

 the same level mode of cultivation yielded a full 

 peck of potatoes which were dug at the same time. 

 These potatoes were planted In a good soil and 

 kept clear of weeds and the ground stirred and kept 

 loose to perndt light and air to penetrate the sur- 

 face freely ; nnd their produce was such as to sat- 

 isfy any reasonable mind of the inutility of making 

 large hills, and condemn the practice as strongly as 

 it is rejected by rational theory. It is true that iri 

 spite of the hilling, good crops of potatoes and corn 

 are obtained on good land by the help of abundance 

 of manure. This, however, does not show advan- 

 tage from hilling as much as it does the fact that 

 the operations of n;iture are not easily baffled. Ef- 

 fort after etfort is put forth, from time to time, by 

 the struggling vegetable, to accommodate itself to 

 its new posiLion relative to sun and atmosphere, as 

 it is covered deeper and deeper at the several hil- 

 lings ; and frequently it hardly recovers from one 

 shock so far as to push its fine, tender rootlets to 

 the surface in quest of dew and sunshine, before, 

 with the kindest feelings, it is most unmercifully 

 buried .still deeper than before, and left, as best it 

 may, to wage its last CQnflict and successfully pen- 

 etrate the super-incumbent mass of clods and rub- 

 bish, and renew its entire set of surface roots, or 

 fail of aceoinpliahing the great object which seems 

 to animate the whole vegetable kingdom — the pro- 

 duction of its kind. — Hampshire Gazette. 



GiLKiEs. — This ought to be the name of the fa- 

 vorite potatoes. They are commonly called, in the 

 Philadelphia market Mercers — frequently also ..Ve- 

 shannochs, and sometimes by corruption Shannocks ; 

 I perceive also the name Shenajigoes (Shenangoes) 

 applied in some of the eastern papers. 



All men regret that Columbus was robbed of the 

 honor of giving name to the world he bestowed ufH 

 on civiliaed man ; and a correspondent regret actu- 

 ates the writer in reference to one of its chief pro- 

 ducts. It is now too late to do honor to the illus- 



