tions are connected by wooden bridges, llie man- 

 ner of bringing the meadows into cultivation has 

 been, after ditching to extract the bushes, paring 

 the hammocks, turning the sod, and carting on 

 gravel. His gravel and loam is near at hand : 4 

 loads to the square rod is spread upon the surface 

 of the turned sod, to which is added a gnod dress- 

 ing of compost, and the ground is ready after har- 

 rowing, for the grass seed or for any other crop. 



Col. Moore has lately put up a commodious and 

 substantial barn, 80 feet by 40, with 23 feet posts ; 

 which his'increased crops have made necessary to 

 erect, with a cellar under the whole, having solid 

 split stone walls, and split stone supports for the 

 cross timbers. The cellar has two entrances on 

 the south of sufficient width to admit a cart : this 

 is the most valuable part of the barn, as it atlbrds 

 ample room for manure ; a fine warm apartment 

 for his breeding sows in the winter; a secure 

 place for his roots, and for his carts, plough, &c. 



He has another barn devoted exclusively to 

 grain; and another still for hay. 



His wheat crop has succeeded very well this 

 season : the variety raised, the Tea wheat. 



Cid. Moore has the Berkshire and Mackey pigs, 

 and raises many of a mixed breed for sale, which 

 bring a high price. Among his breeding sows, he 

 has one that has raised nine litters of pigs, and 

 never had less than ten at one time, and sometimes 

 more, but always brought up just ten: she is now 

 in a fair way to have the tenth litter, and it would 

 be a great pity that she should have less than her 

 usual number, or be less successful, so that it may 

 be said, she has brought up 100 pigs at 10 litters ; 

 she ought then to be excused from further service. 

 We will forewarn those farmers who are about 

 to improve their peat meadows and other ground; 

 that if they perseveie they will be involved in some 

 expenses which if they were neglected might be 

 saved. We allude to the erection of bircs for 

 bay and grain and accommodations for cattle, &c. 

 We have heard complaints from a number of .good 

 farmers on this score, — they say their barns are 

 not sufficient for their increased products ; that 

 they have been adding from time to time a little 

 piece or a small building, and now they find them 

 inconvenient, and that they shall be obliged though 

 reluctant, to "pull down and build bigger," that 

 they may have room where to bestow their hay 

 and their grains, &c. That nothing worse than 

 this may befal them, is our hearty wish. J. B. 



tion to take any less than was asked three weeks 

 ago. — Moms' Silk Farmer of Aug 10. 



American vs. Foreign Silk. — The extravagant 



fabrication which is being industriously circulated 



by some over wise gentlemen, that there is nomer- 



hantable silk reeled in this country, was a few 



trees, in n ring about three inches wide, for the pur- 

 pose in the first case which I saw, of ascertaining 

 whether this process would not kill the tree. But 

 to the surprise of us all, not more than a year or 

 two elapsed, before that part of the body above the 

 ring became obviously larger than the part below, 



days since adverted to in the presence of Mr Che- ''"J this difference in size increased every year af- 

 ney, of I'.urlington. He replied that recently he terwards, as 1 had frequent opportunities of notic- 



ney, ot isuriington. Jtie repi 

 had used in his factory about 4000 pounds of for- 

 eign silk, for which he paid an average price of 

 $4 75 per pound. At the same time lie was pur- 

 chasing American reeled silk at S!,r dollars a pound, 

 on which he made a larger profit than on the for- 

 eign. Another gentleman was mentioned wlio sold 

 his raw silk at six dollars a pound for all he could 

 raise. It is becoming notorious to all who use 

 sewing silk, that the American manufactured arti- 

 cle is far superior to any foreign, and besides it is 

 not saturated with the deleterious ingredients used 

 by all foreigners to make the silk weigh more — 

 '1 his substance usually composes 25 per cent, of 

 Finisio's superior silk. — lb. 



Mulberry Trees, Silk, Sfc. — Tlie following sales 

 of trees have been communicated to us, and may 

 be depended on as being accurate : 



At Carlisle, Pa., last week, a sale of 1000 trees 

 ■was made at 50 cents each, taking every tree in 

 the row, cash on delivery; 8000 were sold at Den- 

 ton, Md. for 50 cents, another lot at 45, and one at 

 35; At Centrevilk", sales have been made at 30 

 and 60 cents; at Norfolk, Va., a lot of 70,000 were 

 sold at 30 cents, the seller having the privilege of 

 summer layering until tlie first of August; the buy- 

 er takes every thing on the ground in the fall, one 

 foot high and over. In this city we know of one 

 sale at 50 cents, and have heard of others as low 

 as 37 1-2. There are buyers in tlie market pur- 

 chasing trees for the west, yet the sales during the 

 past week have not been very numerous. We 

 have heard of various transactions, but are not well 

 enough assured of their correctness to announce 

 them in our price current. Growers are firm in 

 their prices, and there is not the slightest disposi- 



From the Albany Cultivator. 



MR. GARNETT ON THE APPLICATION OF 

 MANURES. 



(Concluded.) 

 My belief, founded on the facts already stated 

 IS, that nil the fertilizing substances of manures are 

 soluble in water, and will remain uninjured them- 

 selves and useless to plants until the solution be- 

 gins, whether they be deposited on or imder the 

 earth's surface. I also believe that this solution is 

 caused by every fall of rain, and is immediately ab- 

 sorbed by the subjacent soil, which absorption re- 

 sults from two causes ; first, the principle of gravi- 

 ty, and secondly, the stronger attraction of the earth 

 than of the atmosphere, for every substance in so- 

 lution which constitutes the food of plants. More- 

 over, that the earth never parts with this food when 

 thus absorbed, to any thing but the plants them- 

 selves ; for it is f^ietV peculiar aliment, and not that 

 ■of the atmosphere, whose existence, for aught we 

 know to the contrary, is entirely independent of it, 

 although its agency, seems essential to the health 

 and vigor of all plants. If this were not the fact, 

 if, for example, the earth did give the best and 

 greatest portion of this food to the atmosphere, or 

 if it escaped from surface-spread manure, before 

 gravity and attraction could impart it to the earth, 

 then the evaporation which is supposed to be the 

 medium of conveyance, and which is known to be 

 constantly gping onfjora the soil, would, in pro- 

 cess of time, certainly render it barren, even with- 

 out any cultivation whatever. Yet neither total 

 nor partial barrenness is ever kncwn to be produc- 

 ed by any other cause than incessant culture with- 

 out manure. That evaporation does take off some- 

 thing from manure while in a moist state, is proved 

 by the offensive smell which constantly exhales 

 from it until it is entirely dry. This smell is ex- 

 cited by a gas which is said by some, to contain 

 the most valuable portion of the food of plants ; but 

 admit the fact, where is the proof of this portion be 

 inglost? I say tliere is none. On the contrary, wi 

 have what I think a conclusive reason for believing 

 that this food is immediately given by the atmos- 

 phere to the tops of plants, as more suitable to them 

 than to their roots. My reason for this belief 

 the result of the following experiment which I have 

 known to be repeated several times. All the bark 

 was taken off from around the body of certain young 



Another reason why I believe that manures act 

 better if spread on the surface of land, than when 

 buried under it in the customary manner, is, that 

 in the firi-t case, the rain water carries the dissolv- 

 ed substances no deeper than the roots of most of 

 our cultivated plants always grow, unless they are 

 forced out of their natural course; and there these 

 substances remain fast held by the earth's chemical 

 affinity, until the stronger attraction of the spongi- 

 oles of the roots begins to act upon them. But in 

 the second case, that is, where manure is ploughed 

 under as soon as spread, all the food of plants con- 

 tained therein, being placed at once quite as deep 

 as their spongiolcs naturally grow, and this too, be- 

 fore the rains begin to dissolve it, the subsequent so- 

 lutions caused thereby, necessarily sink still deep- 

 er, and generally beyond the reach of the plants 

 for whose nourishment they are designed. In no 

 other way can I account for the long noticed and 

 invariable superiority of crops produced by surface- 

 spread manure, to those produced by that which 

 was ploughed in. To me there appears to be but 

 this alternative, either to deny the facts already 

 stated, which I myself have often witnessed, or to 

 explain them, (if we must theorise on the subject al 

 all,) in some such way as the one which I have jus' 

 offered tc your subscriber, and to such others o 

 our brethren as may choose to examine it. Per 

 mit me further to add, that on this subject naturi 

 herself seems to offer us a useful lesson, if wi 

 were not too wise in our own conceits to be taugh 

 by such an instructress ; for I know not a singh 

 exception to her practice ofdepositing on the earth' 

 surface all the putrescent substances of every na 

 ture and kind which appear designed to preservi 

 her fecundity. 



In close connexion with this subject, there i i 

 one other matter on which I will take the liberty t 

 express an opinion, although your subscriber ha 

 not asked for it This is, in regard to the bes 

 state in which manure can be applied. So far a 

 my own experience enables me to judge, an expe 

 rience confirmed by that of many others in whos' 

 practical knowledge of the subject I have grea 

 confidence, I believe that the fresher it is the bet 

 ter ; for in such slate, so much less will s'jffic 

 than in any more advanced stage of putrefactior 

 that time, labor and value are all saved in the ap 

 plication: while none of the alleged "burning 

 ascribed to the manures being "too hot,'' ever oc 

 curs, if the quantity used be lessened in proportio 

 to its freshness. This injury to plants, if I mistak 

 not, is always caused by excess in the quantit) 

 and not by the quality of the manure we apply t 

 thenvalthough the two things are often confound 

 ed, and thereby contribute to the perpetuation c 

 error in regard to the nature and operation of a! 

 fertilizing substances. There is not, I believe, a 

 agriculturist of any experience in our country, wh 

 has not had frequent opportunities of witnessin 

 numerous facts to prove the correctness of thes 

 opinions. Hut, as I before remarked, we are al 

 vastly fonder of our own fancies, than of facts i 

 opposition to them ; and consequently pass all sue 



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