enable them to dispose profitably of their own sur- 

 plus ; but the fact went much farther, for when 

 there was such an occurrence inthe Eiiijlish capital, 

 the centre of commercial speculations for the whole 

 world, where the price of coumiodities was settled 

 and arranged, where the exchanges between nations 

 were conducted and concluded, its consequences 

 were felt every where, as none knew better than 

 the noble Earl who occupied the chair. 



Should there be a frost in England fifteen dr.ys 

 later than usual — should tlicro be an unseasonable 

 drought, or ten cold and wet days instead of ten 

 warm and dry ones, when the harvest should be 

 reaped, every exchange in Europe and America 

 felt the consequence of jt. He would not pursue 

 these remarks. [Loud cries of "Goon, goon."] 

 He must, however, say, that he entertained not the 

 slightest doubt of the great advantage to the inter- 

 ests of agriculture which must result from the for- 

 mation and operation of this society. 



Was it not obvious to the most common observ- 

 er that those who cultivated the soil had not the 

 same conveniences, opportunities and facilities of 

 daily intercourse and comparison of opinions as 

 the commercial and manufacturing interests ? — 

 [Cheers.] Those who are associated in the pur- 

 suits of commerce and manufactures naturally con- 

 gregated together in cities; they had imniediaie 

 means of frequent communication. Their sympa- 

 thies, feelings and opinions wore instantaneously 

 circulated like electricity through the whole body. 

 But how was it with the cultivators of the soil ? 

 Separated, spread over a thousand fields, each at- 

 tentive to his own acres, they had only occasional 

 opportunities of communicating with each other. — 

 If among commercial men, chambers of commerce 

 and other institutions of that character; if among 

 the traders, guilds were found expedient, how much 

 more necessary and advisable to have some such 

 institutions which at least annually should bring to- 

 gether the representatives of the great agricultural 

 interests .' [Cheers.] 



In many parts of the country to which he belong- 

 ed, there were societies upon a similar principle, 

 which had been found very advantageous. They 

 had rewards for specimens of fine animals; they 

 had rewards for implements of husbandry, supposed 

 to excel those which had been known before. They 

 turned their attention to every thing supposed to 

 facilitate the operations of the farmer, and improve 

 his stock and interest in the country. Among oth- 

 er means of improving agriculture, they had im- 

 ported largely from the best breeds of animals 

 known in England. [Cheers'.] 



He knew that a gentleman who had toiiiay tit,- 

 servedly obtained many prizes for stock, would not 

 be displeased to learn that he had seen along the 

 rich pastures of the Ohio and its tributary streams, 

 animals raised from those which had been furnish 

 ed by his farms in Yorkshire and Northumberland. 

 [Cheers.] But, apart from this subject he must be 

 allowed to make a short response to tlftj very kind 

 sentiments which went near to his heart, as uttered 

 by the noble earl at the head of the table. 



Their noble chairman was pleased to speak of 

 the people of the United States as kindred in blood 

 with the people of England. [Cheers.] " I," con- 

 tinued the honorable gentleman, " am an American. 

 [Cheers.] I was born on that great continent, and 

 I am wedded to the fortunes of my country for weal 

 or for wo. [Loud cheers.] There is no other re- 

 gion of the earth whicli I can call my country. — 

 [Cheers.] But I know, and I am proud to know, 

 what bbod flows in these veins. [Cheers.] 



I am happy to stand here to-day and to remem- I 

 her, although my ancestors for several generations 

 lie buried beneath the soil of the Western conti- 

 nent, yet there has been a time when my ancestors 

 and your ancestors toiled in the same cities and 

 villages — [qheers] — cultivated adjacent fields — 

 [cheers] — and worked together to build up that 

 great siructure of civil polity which has made Eng- 

 land what England is. [Cheers.] 



When I was about to embark, some friends asked 

 me what I was going to England for. To bo sure, 

 gentlemen, I came for no object of business, public 

 or private; but I told them I was coming to see 

 the elder branch of tJie family. [Loud cheers.] I 

 told them I was coming to see my distant relations 

 — [cheers] — my kith and kin of the old Saxon race. 

 [Loud cheers.] 



With regard to whatsoever is ini])ortant to the 

 peace of the world, its prosperity, the fkrogress of 

 knowledge and of just opinions, the diff"usion of the 

 sacred light of Christianity — [loud cheers] — I know 

 nothing more important to the promotion of those 

 best interests of humanity and the cause of the gen- 

 eral peace, amity, and concord, than the good feel- 

 ing subsisting between the Englishmen on this side 

 of the Atlantic and the descendants of Englishmen 

 on the other. [Cheers.] 



Some little clouds have overhtuig our horizon — 

 I trust they will soon pass away. I am sure that 

 the age we live in does not expect that England 

 and America are to have controversies carried to 

 the extreme upon any occasion not of the last im- 

 portance to national interests and honor. [Cheers.] 



We live in an age when nations as well as indi- 

 viduals are subject to a inoral responsibility. — 

 [Cheers.] Neither government nor people — thank 

 God for it — can now trifle with the general sense 

 of the civilized world, [cheers] — and I aiu sure that 

 the civilized world would bold^your country and 

 my country to a very strict account, if, without very 

 plain and apparent reason, deeply affecting the in- 

 dependence and great interests of the nation, any 

 controversy between them should have other than 

 an amicable issue. [Cheers.] 



I will vehture to say that each country has intel- 

 ligence enough to understand all that belongs to 

 its just rights, and is not deficient in means to main- 

 tain them, [cheers] and if any controver-sy between 

 England and America were to be pushed to the 

 extreme of force, neither party would or could have 

 any signal advantage over the other, except what 

 it could find in the justness of its catise and the ap- 

 probation of the world. [Loud cheers.] 



With respect to the occasion which .has called 

 us together, I beg to repeat the gratification which 

 I have felt in passing a day among such a company, 

 and conclude with the most fervent expression of 

 my wish for the prosperity and usefulness of the 

 Agricultural Society of England. [Loud cheers.] 



Benefariors p'f the world. — The man who turns a 

 weedy desert into a fertile garden — an idle stream 

 of water into an instrument of industry and profit — 

 wlio can press the id^>■^Yinds into his employment 

 and make them productive — ivho can make the 

 streauiing exhalation of boiling water move ships 

 through the ocean against wind and tide — who 

 can, with the same simple power, make ten thou- 

 sand wheels revolve which a million of men could 

 not move, and with almost magic aid convert our 

 flax into fine cloth, and extract from the centre of 

 the mountains their richest ores — these are the men 

 who are the benefactors of the world Yankee Far. 



[For the New England Farmer.] 



J. Breck, Esq. — Dear Sir — In compliance with 

 your request I cheerfully devote a i'ew moments to 

 giving you an account of u.y piggery. I will pre- 

 mise by the way, that the writer ofaii article which 

 appeared some months since in the Yankee Farmer, 

 and which I regret should have found its way into 

 many other papers, has greatly exaggerated the 

 profits of my establishment. I have often stated 

 and now repeat, that the manure from my hog pens 

 will pay for all the food which I purchase for them: 

 the residue of their feed, by far the greater part, 

 being the produce of my own farm. 



When die average price of corn is one dollar per 

 bushel and potatoes 38 cents, and pork will bring 

 12 1-2 cents per pound, I have no hesitation in say- 

 ing that theie is a handsome profit in raising pork 

 for the market, provided the hogs be of the best 

 breeds. With such breeds I have always found 

 that four quarts of Indian or barley meal, with an 

 equal quantity of apples, pumpkins, potatoes or oth- 

 er roots well cooked, will give two pounds of pork. 

 At this rate it will be perceived that there is a profit 

 on the pork at the above price, exclusive of the 

 manure the hogs make, which is of great value to 

 the farmer, but by no means equal to the whole nor 

 even half the expense of feeding. 



My breeds are principally of the Berkshire full 

 bloods and a cross of this breed with the Mackey 

 breed. 'J his cross I have found decidedly prefer- 

 able to the full bloods of either. I have an import- 

 ed sow of the " Essex half blacks," being a descend- 

 ant of the Berkshire, and highly spoken of by Eng- 

 lisli breeders. The Mackey pigs were imported 

 in(o this country from England some 15 or 20 years 

 agu, by Capt. iMackey, of Boston, and till within a 

 few years were decidedly the best stock in New 

 England, and perhaps in America. When first im- 

 ported, Capt. Mackey, on his farm at Weston, not 

 unfrequently brought them up to tlOO lbs. at the age 

 of 18 months. In all the essential points, such as 

 maturing eady, lightness of oflal, greater weight 

 in the more profitable parts, thinness of skin, &c., 

 they greatly Exceeded the Berkshire breed. But 

 by breeding in and in as it is termed, they had 

 greatly degenerated, had become weak and feeble 

 in constitiitio|i, small in size, ill-shaped, and in 

 some instances delormed. With the exception of 

 the human sptcies, no animal degenerates so rapid- 

 ly by this practice of breeding in and in as the hog. 

 Judicious criising is the only way by which a 

 good breed ofswine can be kept up and preserved. 

 By proper attintion to this principle, all good and 

 valuable qualities of a breed may be preserved and 

 the bad rejected ; — without it tlie best breeds will 

 sooii bej^omo Worthless. With a view of restoring 

 some of'the i)od properties of the Mackey, I tried 

 crossing \heii with various breeds, and with none , 

 have succeedld so well as with the Berkshire. The , 

 produce ol tlJs cross possesses all the good and 

 valuable points of the Mackey united to the health, 

 vigor and size without any of the coarseness of the 

 Berkshire, "llie best pigs, however, that I have 

 ever raised, and I can say without hesitation, the „ 

 best I have ever seen, were produced by putting a 

 full blood Berlshire boar to a sow which was a , 

 cross of the .Mickey with the " Moco," a New York 

 breed, the projtny being half Berkshire, a quarter ' 

 Mackey, and aquarter Moco. ; 



My stock oflfattening swine usually consists^of 

 about one hunted, besides about fifty stores. My ■ 

 time for slaugltering is in February and March, 



I 



