itul luloratioii of ancient customs, are still to be 

 coiiibatted and overcome. Mow this is most read- 

 ily to be effected, is yet a matter of question: in 

 "he great work of reformation and improvement, our 

 gricultural papers are certainly, so far, entitled to 

 lie largest share of merit ; but their influence has 

 een mostly confined to the upper class of farmers 

 —men of intelligence and properly, who expect to 

 •ealize a certain per centage for their investments, 

 hich, failing to obtain in the ordinary methods of 

 ;ultivation, they seize with avidity upon any thinn- 

 -hich promises better ; and partial success prompts 

 > further experiment. With these, prudence and ' 

 just economy are all that is necessary. Once ex- j 

 ite the energies of an intelligent mind — let it be ! 

 nterested in the occupation before it, and its course ' 

 iiust be onward. The field of agriculture is the ' 

 leldof science, and the further we advance in it, 

 he brighter and more interesting are the charms' 

 nfolded to our view. 

 It is the poorer, and by far the larger class of 

 irmers, for whom the sympathies of the more en- 

 ghtened should be enlisted. 'I'heir improvement 

 Sers a wide field to the philanthropist and patriot 

 Iso ; for as they excel in numbers, so also must 

 leir efforts affect the general prosperity of our 

 Jmmon country. But their numbers exclude the 

 issibility of individual exertions in their behalf, 

 y furnishing them with cheap publications, or giv- 

 ig them access to works of science which they can 

 >mprehend, we may certainly benefit a few, but 

 e great mass must be operated upon in a differ- 

 itmanner; with them, the value of any instruc- 

 >n cannot be appreciated, unless its connection 



ith material improvement be distinctly shown 



hey must be spoken to in the language of dollars 

 d cents, and this can only be afforded by legisla- 

 •e bounty, in the shape of premiums, for excelling 

 the different branches of their business. Tell a 

 m who has been accustomed to get his stock 

 rough the winter by feeding them the refuse and 

 marketable forage from his hay or grain crops. 

 It it would be better to devote time and labor to 

 ! cultivation of roots for the same purpose, and 

 cannot comprehend yon ; nor will he, so long as 

 does not clearly see the advantage; but urge 

 Q to the attempt by offering a sufficient induc'e- 

 nt, in the shape of a premium for any particular 

 p, and when it is once grown, it must be either 

 or sold. In either case it acts beneficially ; 

 it must be obvious to the dullest mind, that 

 at will remunerate the purchaser, certainly must 

 producer, if consumed in the like manner. 

 The same argument holds good with stock, and 

 the various products of the farm. Offer sufti- 

 nt inducement to raise none but the best, and 

 poor will speedily disappear. And why should 

 lot be so ? Can our legislators who have frown- 

 down every effort to extract but a pittance for 

 I noble purpose, offer one plausible reason for 

 hholding it.> Can they be so wilfully blind as 

 •efuse to see its benefits, or so wanting in patri- 

 m as to deny but a small amount for a public 

 d, when they unhesitatingly lavish thousands for 

 enrichment of the few, who openly speculate 

 n the property of that public ? If so, then up- 

 ;hem should be cast the reproach which now at- 

 les itself to the low state of agriculture in our 

 ntry. And let those who now feel the reproach, 

 iifest their indignation in the proper place, and 

 in the proper time arrives. 



ew of our country. It is high time for them to 

 show the strength of the material they are made 

 of. Let their voices speak from the ballot bo.x— 

 let them discard all parly distinctions, and look only 

 to the integrity and honesty of their candidate, and 

 let him be one who has shown, by his exertions in 

 their behalf, that he has his country's good at heart. 



L. 



J)Ia«gachu8etu Horticultnial Society. 



EXHIBITIO.V OF FnClTS. 



Saturday, Oct. 5, 1839. 

 E. M. Richards exhibited a seedling Clingstone 

 Peach, large, handsotne, and 6f fine flavour ; It is a 

 very near approach to Kennedy's Carolina 

 Clingstone. 



Mr Nathan Barrett, of Concord, exhibitej a. bas- 

 ket of native Grapes ; they appeared to be the 

 common black Fox Grape, improved by cultivation. 

 . Mr Warren exhibited the Urbaniste, Buffum, 

 Easter Beurre and Duchess Angouleme Pears, very 

 beautitul specimens, 



Mr Downer exhibited Gansel's Bergamot Pear 

 and one unnamed sort, also baskets of Isabella and 

 Catawba Grapes. 



Jona. French, Esq. of Dorchester, exhibited six 

 sorts of Apples unnamed, among them wo recog- 

 nized Gardner's Sweeting and the Pall Harvey. 

 Also the Chaumontel, Capsheaf, and Green Sugar 

 Pears, and a basket of Peaches unnamed. 

 ^ Mr J. G. Cooledge, of Cambridge, exhibited 

 Yellow Rareripe and Lemon Clingstone Peaches, 

 and Seckel Pears. 



Mrs Bigelow, of Medford, exhibited the mon- 

 strous Pippin Apple, and Kenrick's Heath Peaches. 

 William Oliver, of Dorchester, exhibited a bas- 

 ket of Melacaton Peaches, very superior. 



Amos Holbrook, Esq. of Brookline, exhibited a 

 basket of Hubbardston Nonesuch Apples; these 

 large and beautiful specimens were well calculated, 

 to increase the high reputation this apple has al- 

 ready obtained. 



E. Vose, (President) e.xhihited the Lemon Cling- 

 stone, Orange Clingstone,Welles Freestone, Morrfs' 

 White Rareripe, Alberge, and one unnamed Peach. 

 Also the White. Chasselas and Gross Frankenthal 

 Grapes, very handsome specimens of cultivation in 

 the open ground. 



The Lemon Clingstone, it will be seen, is the 

 Large Yellow Pine Apple of Coxe, the description 

 of which we have copied from his "View of Fruits." 

 " No. 24, Large Yellow Pine Apple, sometimes 

 called Kennedy's Carolina Clingstone, is a very lanre 

 rich Peach, of an oblong form, pointed at the bloV 

 som end — tie skin a dark yellow, with a brown- 

 ish red cheek — the flesh very yellow and rich, of a 

 very sprightly taste, the part next the stone highly 

 tinged with red; it ripens in September." 



Mr Carter, of the Cambridge Botanic Garden 

 exhibited fruit of the Rose Apple (common name) 

 grown under glass, with the following note : 



"Eugenia Malaccensi.--. This fruit is very agree- 

 able to the taste, and esteemed wholesome. °It is 

 very common in mor^t of the islands of the South 

 Sea, und is cultivated almost every where between 

 the tropics." 



Mr Samuel Phipps presented for exhibition a 

 plan in wood for preparing a leaden trough for the 

 prevention of the ravages of the Canker-worm, in- 

 vented by Mr Herreshoff, of Bristol, R. I. This 

 mode is found to be entirely effectual for the pur- 

 I pose, and at comparatively small expense, and sev- 



eral gentlemen are about making trial of it in the 

 vicinity. 



In addition to the weekly contributions of mem- 

 bers and others, the Society still further to increase 

 the facilities for acquiring Pomological knowledTe, 

 have provided a large collection of fruits, whfch 

 may be seen at the Weekly Exhibitions ; the sorts 

 which had arrived at maturity and were examined 

 by the Committee were the following Pears : Autumn 

 Bergamot of the English and Americans, (Coxe, 

 No. 39) BeKgainotto d'Aiitomne of Duhamel, Beurre 

 Diel, liuguem.t, Surpa.ss Vergou louse, Cumberland, 

 Belle Lucrative, Hacon's Incomparable, Jalousie,' 

 Endicott, Seckle, Buffum, Louise Bonne d'Jersey' 

 Long Green, (Coxe No. 30) Henri Quatre, I5elle et 

 Bonne, and Bartram's. 



The Committee make the following remarks 



The Belle Lucrative was pronounced nfost superior, 

 being sweet, juicy, and melting. Henry 4th, al- 

 though of the most unprepossessing appearance, was 

 of a very rich, high, and unusual flavor, and would 

 in Its improved size and color, amply repay for its 

 cultivation in rich earth, either trained to an Espa- 

 lier or Wall. The Huguenot is another good 

 Pear, obtained from seed by that eminent Horticul- 

 turist, the late George S. Johonnot, of Salem. The 

 tree was longer in producing fruit than the Johon- 

 not or Nanmkeag ; the specimen examined was rath- 

 er over-ripe ; in future years we expect to see it 

 placed in the first class of Pears. 

 For the Committee, 



ROBERT MANNING. 



Management of Sandy Loams. — Mr Ducket, of 

 Surry, England, a most accomplished and success- 

 ful farmer, ascribed the luxuriance of his crops to 

 three principles, which he laid down for his gui- 

 dance, and strictly adhered to. He relied upon, 1st, 

 deep ploughing, by means of which the roots of his 

 plants were permitted to penetrate the earth to a 

 depth where they found a uniform moisture, by 

 which they were preserved in a healthful and flour- 

 ishing condition, while those of his neighbors, who 

 were shallow plougliers, in seasons of drought were 

 measurably destroyed. 



InFlanders, in the Peys de Waes, where the 

 soil was originally a barren while sand^ by a sure 

 process has been brought to a state of fertility 

 which entitles it to be called a fruitful loam. At 

 first it was barely scratched, being ploughed not 

 more than ten inches deep ; it was subsequently 

 gradually deepened as it was enriched^— and it is 

 now stated that this barren sand has been so fer- 

 tilised that it bears to be entrenched to the depth 

 of fifteen or eighteen inches. This operation is 

 performed every seven years. 



Clay Soils.-r—kW clay soils intended for spring 

 culture should be turned up in the fall, to receive 

 Elie benefit of the action of the winter's frost, which 

 mellows and reduces it infinitely better than any 

 treatment which .man is susceptible of givino- it. If 

 very tenacious, itscondition may be greatly improv- 

 ed by simply adding sand to it, after the ploughing, 

 and so harrowing it as thoroughly to mix the two 

 together. Instances of the success of this practice 

 are numerous in Europe, and are said to have been 

 so decidedly striking as to excite surprise. In nu 

 meious cases the advantages have been equally 

 great as if the clay had been heavily manured. 



Mitch Cows. — These animals should always, if 



possible, be kept where they can have free access 



j to good water, whether ranging in the pasture or 



