VOL. -Will. XO. '30. 



AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER, 



177 



s been reserved for modern limes to develop ; — 

 nefit by inducing them to renounce liereditary 

 ror nnd adopt Torthfir sruide tlie teachings ot'sci- 

 ce and cnlialUcned niind. All those benefits will 

 erne from t!ie constant reading of well conducted 

 ricultural papers, nnd in some degree, from con- 

 ntions and addresses, and CromtUe labors of learn- 

 mrn employed by i;'oveniineMt in makini; agri- 

 Inral surveys and scientific researches, for t!ia 

 pccial 2'ond of the husbandman and the common 

 odofall. Let the great mass of the i>iisban<l- 

 in but become addicted to readinjr the papers 

 voted to their interests, and all ground for ninr- 

 'ring- at their lot will vanish, and new induce- 

 !nts will arise for sticking closer to their bonor- 

 le employment. 



One of the most powerful means operating to 

 iduce tills end v.-ns the pen of a I!ukl. Oh, that 

 !atu I'.ad spared him longer — spared him as a ben- 

 ictor of ills kind — spared him as an example for 

 m to imitate. But though reniu ed from the 

 ;ny of his usefulness here, his works will not 

 m follow him, but will tend in time to come as 

 time past, to promote the great object for which 

 so zealously labored, the improvement of Amer- 

 n agriculture. Tlie yeomanry have lost in him 

 rowerf'ul friend and instructer — but they have 

 t a CoLMAN spared, and otliers too, gifted in 

 Tki godlike graco of ini?llect, the gUnt mighl of mind," 



e to te"?ch, to expound and to defend. 

 Boston, .VoU. 1, 1S39. J. H. D. 



For the >;ew t^iclaad Farmer. 



Mr Bkeck— In >'r Kenrick's very valuable work, 

 " New American Orchardist, under the article 



lite Antwerp Raspberry, ho says, " L.ke the red 



equires protection in winter." Permit me to en- 

 .re, if experiment has shown this to he un.i-ersal- 

 necessary in the vicinity of Boston ; or is the nc- 

 ssity of protection limited to certain exposed sit- 

 tions ? 



I liave for many years successfully cultivated 

 s variety of Raspberry, and have never protected 

 i plants during the winter. I prpne them in the 

 tumn and leave the young shoots si.anding be- 

 een two narrow rails on each side, llie last 

 .tuniu I made a now plantation of about 500 roots 



the month of October. The ground was neaily 

 ked most of the winter, and at no time covered 

 ith more than a few inches of snow. Every plant 

 red, and there was a good crop of fruit the past 

 immer. Yours, respectfully, 



P. CLEAVELAND. 



Brunsu-ick, Me., Oct. 28, 1830. 



[Remarks. — Raspberries that are protected pro- 

 jce more abundantly than those which are not. — 

 /e believe it is the general custom to protect 

 lem about Boston. Some cultivators take them 

 p and lay them in, and plant them out again in the 

 pring. — J. B.] 



From tliQ New V.irk Oliscrver. 



DR. HUMPHREY'S THOUGHTS ON EDUCA- 

 TION. 



Coinmou .'^cku'ils. 



It being a given point that the blessings of edu- 

 cation ought to be universally diffused — that cvi;ry 

 child in the State, however poor, should bo tauglit 

 to road and write and keep accounts, the great 

 practical question is, how this end can best bo ac- 

 complished. In Scotland it has been done ever 

 since the Reformation, by tlie parish school-master ; 

 and in New England, from its f^rst settlement, by 

 the aid of common schools. Whether this is the 

 best system of popular education which can be de- 

 vised, is a fair matter of inquiry. If tiiere is a bet- 

 ter, it ought tolje suggested, matured and adopted ; 

 for wiiat we want, is a system which will insure 

 the eloriientary- education of the whole mass of the 

 people, and bring it at the least e.xpense, within the 

 roncli of every family. 



As the common district school system of New 

 England has worked so well for more than two cen- 

 turies, and no essential change, that I am aware of, 

 lias ever been proposed, I shall take it for granted, 

 that in all its essential feature.", it is better adapted 

 than any other to the condition of our people, and 

 the genius of our free institutions. Its great ad- 

 vantages are, that it is strictly repi>blican in prin- 

 ciple and in operation ; that it plants down its 

 .<chool-houses within convenient distances, all over 

 the face of the land ; that it brings the children of 

 all classes together upon one common level; and 

 that it provides instruction for those who are in the 

 most indigent circumstances, as well as for their 

 rich and thriving neighbors. It is not to be sup- 

 posed, however, that our primary school system is 

 so perfect in its essential principles as to admit of 

 no modifications or improvements ; and still less, 

 that the greatest possible efficiency has been im- 

 parted to it a.Vjywhere. Like other great machines, 

 it musl be moved by some adequate power. There 

 must be a general co-operation of the people witli 

 the government, fo keep it in motion. 



In order to reap the highest advr^ntages from our 

 admirable system, tltcre must be a sufficient num 

 ber of school-houses, pleasantly and healthfully lo 

 cated — well built, warmed and ventilated — admit- 

 ting enough, but not too much light; and comforta- 

 bly fitted up with seats, writing desks, and such 

 other conveniences as will rather a'.tract than repel 

 both teachers and scholare. 



There must be competent and faithful instruc- 

 tors — male and female — 'apt to teach,' fond of the 

 employment, skilled in government, patient, con- 

 scientjijiis and laborious ; instructors who will be 

 always at their posts, wif^king month in and month 

 out, for the pleasure of it, as well as for the wages, 

 and delighting in nothing so much, as tlie intellec- 

 tual and moral improvement of their pupils. 



The children, likewise, must be sent steadily to 



school must be furnished with suitable leading 



and spelling books ; with slates, pencils, writing 

 apparatus, maps, geographys, arithmetics, dictiona- 

 ries, and whatever else is necessary to aid and en- 

 courage them in their studies. 



To pay the teachers and defray other necessary 

 e.xpenses, moneys must be raised either upon the 

 scholar, or by assessments upon the property of 

 the town or district, or from such permanent funds 

 as may be provided by individual liberality or leg- 

 islative appropriations. 



School committees, solectpd from the most intel- 

 ligent and best educated class of men in the respec- 

 tive school societifje and districts, must he appoint- 

 ed to hire and examine teachers; to select and re- 

 commend books ; to visit the schools, and to aid 

 the instructers with their best intluenco and advice. 



And finally, the great mas.s of the people must 

 move together, or the end will never be accomplish- 

 ed. Parents of all classes must bo warmly enlist- 

 e<l in the improvement of their children and the 

 prosperity of the schools. Without their liearty 

 co-operation, whatever else you may do, the prima- 

 ry schools will languish and ultimately run down. 

 Tlie families of a village or neighborhood are not 

 n^cre inert mas.scs of matter, to be moulded and 

 fashioned according to your pleasure, like so many 

 potters' vessels ; but living, thinking beings, to be 

 swayed by motives, and to co-operate with you in 

 your efforts to do them gootl. 



This is a hasty outline of what I take to be es- 

 sential to the highest prosperity of our common 

 scliools. But the great importance of the subject 

 seems to require considerable enlargement, for 

 wRich I mU'St crave the reader's indulgence. 

 (To he continued.) 



BENEFITS OF NEWSPAPERS. 

 The existence of newspapers is one of the most 

 remarkable features of the difference between an- 

 cient and modern times. These sheets of intelli- 

 gence now form an element in the condition of na- 

 tions, which the ancients scarcely possessed in em- 

 bryo. They render the official duties of statesmen 

 much more difficult than they formerly were, but 

 they also render the condition of nations much 

 more safe and secure ; for no measure can become 

 a law without the merits and demerits of it being 

 fully discussed by the press and understood by the 

 people. For the want of these useful monitors, the 

 ancients were like people wandering in the dark; 

 timid because of their ignorance, and apt to be 

 overset by the slightest alarm. But by the aid of 

 newspapers, we are enabled to know exactly the 

 state of affairs in, every part of our own country, 

 and all over the whole world as well, and to be 

 prepared in some measure for any coming event 

 whatever. Newspapers are the brief chronicles of 

 the times, and have a wonderful influence in guid- 

 ing and directing the public mind on all public 

 questions. — .'V. X. Sun. 



An orange tree frequently yields fifteen hundred 

 to two thousand four hundred oranges. An elm 

 living one hundred years, produces not less than 

 thirtythree millions of grains; and a purple digi- 

 talis one million seven thousand seeds. Some 

 plants are so prolific, that one flower producing - 

 ly four seeds, would, if left to itself, in a short space 

 of tiin«, spread from one end of the globe to another. 



P7-ogression. — We learn to climb by keeping our 

 eyes on the mountains that rise before us, and not 

 on the hills that lie behind. 



Washington fought for his country — Bonaparte 

 for fame. The lips of a mighty nation speak the 

 praises of one — the ocean waves chaunt the requi- 

 em of the other. 



Quince Wine. — A delicious wine is made of this 

 fruit in the following manner: Take one quart of 

 the juice of quinces mixed with one pound of sugar, 

 and ferment. 



