VOL. XVHI. KO. »9. 



AND HORT ICULTURAL REGISTER. 



247 



[n the statement relating to Bntisl> Husban.lry, j Tl,e larger p^^ik^^M^l^^ls^N^^^^^^:^ 

 ie by the honorable gentleman who preceded as stated by the honorable .entleman is undoubt 

 I, and in the mipressions which that gentleman edlv derived from nranit,. «entieman, is undoubt- 

 ga.hered from his observation of rurtl and ag- ! a, d nlny o the red s . s ^ T ^'""T ''°f"'' 



dtural life in England, he expressed his ontife i„ thTnYig^h'hol^ol T NeTii: e^; Zt '^l^:: 

 ;nt and sympathy^ n a visit many years since composed of the principles found in gran^'te rod s 

 e by h>mse f to England, he derived from simi- Argillaceous soils or those which are derived ch if' 

 Jiough far less perfect opportunities of observa- ly f^m the decomposition of atraceo s or c lav 

 , great pleasure; and he left the country more slate, abound likewise in manv pfiW New E / 

 ^thirty years ago, with a strong admiration for land and of Massachusetts, and behi. retentive of 



l^rSonhad longsi^e arrived. theLn^=JS::eT^lt at:r'::£;ri;: 

 .ction, whch experience and further inquiry elements constitutes a large portion of Their food 

 Z only to confirm and strengthen, that The composition of water is now well SrsSod 

 ce ,n a 1 its influences might lend a most sub- and we may with safety, in the presen e of this in 



al aid agriculture. They therefore have ; telligent assembly, speak in technTalterms of the" 



y aval ed themselves of its aid m the chemi- constituent parts of water, hydrogen and oxvVen 



am natron of soils and manures, with a view which enter largely into dl 'vegftable Carb n 

 -ertain their uses and correctives. which forms also a large part of all plants thoS 



e popular impressions formerly entertained, it exists in comparatively small proportons in S 

 •a ionof ' '" -^^-^^''^^^ by*he form of carbonic acid gas in the air,'is yet derived 



^LlL7rulrha:;e^^i1::^^ -<' --tate ...d e..pend no money^o-m-o7e-;a. 



.orfact. Theadvantages of the judicious I up^ntL. en leaveT^^^^^^ procuring and encouraging them. 



:ation of knowledge to art, are every where j the caboniraL and the carl "•'" decompose This patronage should not be withdraw^ or with- 

 as. All the arts oflife have their foLdation nourish p ,' aTd^l^o™ if 1 1°:'/ ., ! t LI" J^^r'.''"l°'^""=- ."^. '^ -"'^ "- only 



agricultural and horticultural fair have been holden 

 in New Haven annually for several years— the last 

 autumn in particular, with a spirit which evinced 

 the lively interest taken in the subject ; and he had 

 the pleasure on that occasion of seeing one hundred 

 yoke of very fine ox°n from East Haven, attached 

 to a plough, and the plough holden by a venerable 

 man ot ninetysix years of age, who laid a furrow 

 along the public square. 



In h^s own opinion, there was no occasion, in an 

 agricultural point of vicH', to despair of Massachu- 

 setts or any part of New England. There were 

 no evils or disadvantages connected with the cli 

 mate or soil, which could not be met and overcome 

 It was a great and lamentable error that so many 

 of our jjoung men deserted the pursuits of agricul- 

 ture to crowd into the trades of cities. 



He reverted again to the value and importance of 

 chemical knowledge to agriculture. The analysis 

 of manures was a subject of great and indispensa- 

 ble importance. The knowledge obtained from 

 geological and agricultural surveys and chemical 

 nivestigation-s could not be too highly estimated ; 

 and the State could expend no money to more ad- 



^r;i nti .vrt *Un « Ii, • i 



All .1, . c^■^ u , • ; •' ■• .'^ ] -""= ^"'""J'l"- aciu, anu tiie carbon IS absorbed to 



w,p/ . n f ' ^"'^ """■ '^»""'^='"°" "o^i^h the plant, and the oxygen is evolved into 



wledge ; and all the improvements of mechan- the air ; thus it separates fron^die atmosphere an 

 °nZ. t' ."™" ° ^f ^°'-'»'''"' =>« ^"- \ ^Portant element of nutrition, supply nTjtn the 

 3nce and mechanical philosophy. It will be form of food for the plants 



true in relation to every tiling connected Mr Silliman farther alluded to the curious fact 

 rsTdZrn:r;;iie^th?"'"k'" in the in the constitution of nature, that not^vithstandtg 

 tter "'P'"'"'"'' °^ '''^^' ""^ '"°'^ knowledge the superior density or specific gravity of carbonic 



acid gas, It being much greater than that of the 

 othef elements of which the atmosphere is compos, 

 ed, it is nevertheless found in abundance in the 

 elevated regions of the earth, and even on high and 

 barren mountains contributes in an important de- 

 gree to the support of plants and of trees. If the 



tter. 



liries into the nature of soils are of great im- 



ce ; and in respect to many soils now either 



unproductive or uncongenial to certain crops, 

 2 may enable us to apply the necessary alte- 



or correctives. Although we cannot fabri 



It, , "= .-»**- s^^^ "-^ *"c ouL»uufLui p anis anu or trees If fhc. 



a laboratory the soils of a conntry, we cari air'and water afford the most impo tan eiements of 

 r their composition and nnrprtnln ihc.;. ^^a ki„„t„ :* ... _, , , .^ ■•aiii. eicmenis oi 



!r their composition and ascertain their defi 

 s: the deficient ingredient may be sup- 

 md although it should be in small quanti- 

 may be done in a form that may be generally 

 ible, and thus may essentially change the 

 er of a soil. ° 



hon. gentleman has, without doubt, truly 



plants, it may be asked, what then is the use of the 

 soil .' Its first use is to furnish a -point of support 

 in which the plant can fix itself; but it doubtless 

 contains many things which water serves to dis- 

 solve, and hold in solution, that they may be ta 



o - •- — "M*u uLto^ uiiiy 



trom a want of a just appreciation of the value of 

 these branches of science. He alluded with much 

 respect to the late lamented Judge Buel, whose 

 skill in the science and application of manures was 

 a just subject of eulogy, and whose success, in con- 

 verting a portion of the barren and unpromising 

 soil in the vicinity of Albany into fertile and pro- 

 ductive fields, was well known and honored. 



He pressed the importance of a Board of Agri- 

 culture, and congratulated Massachusetts upon the 

 spirit and liberality with which she had regardsd 

 the improvement of her husbandry. The s°ibject 

 could not receive too much of her concern. It 

 stood second to no.iaLerest but those of a moral and 

 relrgious character, and indeed it might be said to 

 be nearly allied to them also, since habit.s of rural 

 industry are the most favorable to good morals.— 

 The value of science in this case could not be too 

 highly estimated. Here science might be regar- 



ken up by «,e plants. He expressed his belief I d^a; th;";;;:anr";;<:;:;:::;'^:kS "Lnd'^ 

 ^jatinmostofthe soils in New England and in which this great art was to be dried forward to 

 Massachusetts, the nr n,-. nnl olo,„o„* .:_,.■ — £•...•„ i-anieu lorwara to 



, , - -' -1 ""■;• ".uv M, ii,u=tui Liie sons in i^ewJinffand and n 



rfLrr'n' '"'",?"//''"'='■""''' r^^^=''='^"^^"^' "'^ P""-P=^' element wantin. is 

 rn Europe, and especiallyofGreat Britain; lime. This abounds in the western districts" of 

 has indicated with pniinl oio„,.„„=,„ „„j .....L m ir.., _ , , . . >=^i-'-iii uibiricis or 



has indicated with equal clearness and truth 

 363 of the comparative coldness of the Eas- 

 mtries of North America. In this conne.x- 

 ay be remarked that the western countries 

 ;ontinent enjoy a climate far milder than 

 em. 



limate of these western countries is affec- 

 heir position in relation to the vast Pacific 

 rhich produces an effect similar to that of 

 ntic ocean upon Europe, but in a far greater 



Thus the climate corresponds to a con- 

 ! degree with that of the western shores of 



Its mildness is such that the plough may 

 n nearly or quite through the whole year. 

 Jrature is, perhajis, considerably affected 

 ological formation and by the extensive 

 volcanoes, which stretch along its shores, 

 i of which are still breathing forth their in- 

 Here every thing is on a vast scale; 



New York, and renders those lands, as in Geneseo 

 for example, on the magnificent farm of Mr Wads- 

 worth, extraordinarily productive in wheat. 



The addition of lime to our own soils, he consid 



perfection. 



prp^of^r^nt: » /^ -—-,..- ■.^.,^,^- iiiL-y 11,1 vu duoui a uozen nign bred Durham cows 



^l:^f:C : ! •:%„?1^':!;^ r^!^-4-"^?'''«^^ ^^^-^- -^ ^eautil., t^rm; and 



Improved Stock, — We stopped a sliort time 

 one day last week, to examine the stock on the 

 farm of the Messrs Lathrop, at South Hadley Falls. 

 They have about a dozen high bred Durham cows 



i,„l,7„r,„ *L_;_ • . . ... . _ 7 



in shells, whose base is lime, and which are capa- 

 ble, by being burnt, of being converted into the best 

 of lime. Now Haven, the town of his own resi- 

 j dence, abounds in oysters, both natives and those 

 that in greac numijers are colonized there from Vir- 

 ginia. The shells are burnt for manure and ap- 

 Jjlied to the land. The soil of New Haven and its 

 vicinity is derived from a species of red sandstone; 



about the same number of young stock, mostly full 

 blood Durham. Among their sheep we noticed a 

 few full blood South Downs. They are the only 

 pure blood sheep of this breed we have noticed in 

 this vicinity. The Berkshire pigs on this farm 

 have all the m.irks of the genuine. The proprie- 

 tors of this farm are entitled to mucli credit for the 

 exertions they have made, and the expense they 



hut this was coinposed of t^e element; ;?■;;:;:;;; hrin^^s ir^o^^rgr: ':!^Sz 



An into =ff ■ • 1. • stock of this kind — JVorthampton Rep. 



An interest in agriculture is now awakened in ' 

 Connecticut which promises the most valuable re- I a r • d i. ., , 



— 1'- - - ■• ■ '""^"^ I A farmer in Pemberton, N, J,, recently slaugh 



. -o ... ...,., suits; and improvements in cultivation are rapidly' L A ™ '" f ^b^f n> N, J„ recently slaugh- 



gncultura! products will at no distant day advancing. He agreed in the estimation of fhi " twentyhve pigs, whose aggregate 



abundant and highly important We Commissioner, of the great value of Indian corn _ P'"^'"'''' '''''" ^''"^ '''®'''"''''^*^'^''' ''=" '''®''''" "'°"' 



ideed alter the climate of a country ; but One hundred bushels had been repeatedly produced '^"'^ '''°''' ^'''"'^""^ "■"! twentyfive pounds. The 



n some measure accommodate ourhusban- in New Haven upon an acre A cattle show »n^ ^^''"S^ "''^'='" "'^^ '""»'■ hundred and seventythree 

 peculiarities and variations. pounds. 



