vol.. XVIII. NO. 3S. 



AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER 



3il 



row were almost a failure. In my experiments 

 last year with Tea, Italian, Silician, and Red 

 ClrifT Wheat, f came to tlie conclusion that for our 

 soils, and to escape tlio fly and rust, the Tea wlieat 

 Stood first. I tliinU tliat all wheat ought to bo put 

 into llie ground as soon as possible after the open- 

 ing of the sprini;. 



17. How many acres have you laid down' to 

 grass the present si^ason — at what time in thu year 

 did you sow it — liow much seed to the acre, and 

 was it sown alone, or with a grain crop ? 



.9ns. I have laid down to grass 30 acres this 

 season; sowed the last of April and the first week 

 in May, all with grain crops. On 10 acres of 

 which, designed for mowing, I sowed (i quarts of 

 clover and G cf herds grass per acre, and 20 acres 

 with 4 quarts of clover and 8 of herds grass per 

 acre for pasturage. 



18. What are your m'aans, and what your man- 

 ner of collecting and making manure ? 



.■Ins. In the fiiU my yards, botii cattle and 

 sheep, are covered from 4 to 10 inches with muck 

 bogs and marl taken from my ditclies and low 

 grounds, the amount of from 80 to 100 loads, and a 

 sufficient quantity of loaves to be.l my stock duriu,^ 

 the first of the winter. The last of March, all the 

 green manure made by my sheep is hauled out as 

 a top dressing upon my mowing grounds, and all 

 that is made after this, together with the sUble 

 manure, on the last of April is heaped in the yards 

 with the muck, and remains a few days until par- 

 tially fermented, and then taken out for root crops. 

 I collect at all seasons of the year muck, earth, 

 leaves, and any vegetable substance that will ab- 

 sorb the urine, with my horse manure, and place it 

 in my piggery ; this is afterwards taken out and 

 piled, and covered with earth or muck for my coftv 

 crops. 



19. How many oxen, cow,^, young cattle, and 

 and sheep, do you keep through the year — what is 

 the size of your barns, and have you a cellar under 

 them — is your manure covered ? 



«3ns. I have 6 oxen, G cov.s, 14 young cattle, 4 

 horses, and 900 sheep. Nine-tenths of my manure 

 is under cover. The size of my barns is as fol- 

 lows : — 



No. 1. 108 feet by 30, with a shod at one end 

 46 by 10 feet, on the other end a shed 24 by 12 feet, 

 ■with a barn attached 30 by 22 feet. These build- 

 ings are placed on a side hill, and have a basement 

 story, and can be secured from cold by doors. 



No. 2. 44 by 34 feet, with a shed at each end 18 

 by 36 feet. This barn has a cellar for roots under 

 one of the bays, 10 by 12 feet. 



No. 3. 30 by 40 feet, with sheds at each end, 

 94 by 30 feet. 



20. Are your calves of the native, foreign or 

 mixed breed ? 



.Ins. My calves are cross of the Devonshire, 

 young cattle Devon and Ayreshire. 



21. What is your management -of calves in- 

 tended to be raised ? 



Jlns. Take the calves from the cows and feed 

 them with 3 quarts of nrw milk twice a day for 3 

 months, adding after they are 3 weeks old, a little 

 rye and corn meal scalded, then weaned off upon 

 dry provender and grass, roots, or hay, as the season 

 may be. 



22. How much butter did you make this year, 

 and how much cheese, and what proportion new 

 milk ? 



Ans. Owing to my having raised 14 calves, I 



have made little or no cheese, and have made about 

 400 lbs. butter. 



23. How niMuy swine did you keep, what quan- 

 tity of pork did you make, and of what breed were 

 your swine ? 



.Ins. I have 24 swine, 17 to winter, and 7 for 

 pork, that will weijh 2000 lbs. ; tlu-y are of Ihe 

 Berkshire, and most of them of the pure breed. 



24. What do you feed them upon through the 

 summer months, and on what do you fatten them? 



.'Ins. They are fed during the summer months, 

 on clover, mowed and given them in their styes — 

 with shorts, water and the waste of the house. 

 Commence fnlting with equal portions of potatoes, 

 apples, pumpkins, and from this to equal parts of su- 

 gar beet and potatoes and a portion of oat and 

 wheat provender, and at last with corn rneal, their 

 food being cookeil and fed to them warm. 



2.5. How many cart loads of manure do you 

 take from your hog styes in a year, and of what 

 materials is it made ? 



.'Ins. 1 make £0 loads by collecting muck, leaves 

 and earth with the coarser part of the horse litter. 



20. What number of hands are employed on 

 your farm, and what do you pay for labor ? 



Jins. I have one man and a boy through the 

 year, two extra men G months each spring and sum- 

 mer in a.4dition ; in addition in haying, paid 30 days 

 by the day. Wages vary from $10 to $12 in the 

 winter, and from .^12 to $10, spring and summer, 

 per month, and $\ per day in haying and harvest- 

 ing 



27. What is the number of your apple trees, 

 and are they of natural or grafted fruit ? 



./Ins. I have 100 bearing trees ; most of them 

 have been grafted by myself within the last ten 

 years, with choice selected fruit. 



28. What number of fruit trees have you, ex- 

 clusive of apple trees? 



Jlns. I have 40 pears and plums. 



20. Have your trees been attacked by canker 

 worms or borers, and what is your method of de- 

 stroying them ? 



.Ins. They have not. 



30. In the cultivation of your farm, do you 

 allow the use of ardent' spirit ? 



Ans. Not in the least. 



It would be proper here to state that in addition 

 to my farm I hire for the purpose of pasturing my 

 sheep, a mountain lot, for which I have paid $90 

 for the year. 



The above answers arc true according to my best 

 knowledge and belief ROBERT COLT. 



Pittfiehl, 2d Dec. 1839. 



Examination of Mr CoWs Farm. 

 The farm lies in a body, on a ridge or swell 

 of land, of rather an uneven surfaco, with consid- 

 erable many hills or prominences and dales ; some 

 of the latter are or were moist and unproductive ; 

 but a small quantity however, is now unproductive. 

 The ridgo extends north and south, and the farm is 

 mostly on the east side of it, that is, there is hut 

 little of it on the west side. It is divided into con- 

 venient lota, and well fenced. There is considera- 

 ble stone or rock (all limestone) on the middle sec- 

 tion of it ; on which also, are a small farm house, 

 and two barns, CO rods or more, apart, with good 

 accon'modations for keeping sheep, with conveni- 

 ent spring water for each. The principal house 

 and barn is at the south end of the farm ; the 

 water is brought by acqueduct, and with several 

 convenient outlets at the barn ; both the house and 



barn are new : the hogpen is under a wing of the 

 latter, with a horse stable over it and a room for 

 corn and grain. '! his barn is so arranged as to 

 liavc sheep under the whol.; of it, except a central 

 compartment (on the inner side) which forms a spa- 

 cious cellar or vault, for vegetables. There is a 

 lictle land not yet reclaimed, and some coarse 

 grass ; but the farm is well cultivated, and the 

 general appearance, (though in an unfavorable 

 season) is good. The cattle, sheep, &c. look well. 

 H. HUBBAtlD. 



For Ihe New England Farmer. 



RAISLMG CALVES. 



Ma Editor, — Many have been the modes or 

 methods, proposed and recommended for the raising 

 of calves. Some recommend milk porridge, some 

 water gruel, or meal and water boiled, some skim- 

 med milk and Indian meal. 



To make t!ie best calves, with the least expense, 

 I object to all these, more particularly to Indian 

 meal, in any way, because I have always found that 

 it causes the calves to scour, which is a great in- 

 jury to them. 



As every man is apt to think his own way the 

 best, I will state mine, which is the best for me. 

 It is to take the calf from the cow, when quite 

 young, say a day or two old, learn it to drink new 

 milk first, in such quantity as it will take, as there 

 is not much danger of its taking too much when so 

 young. When it drinks well, skim the milk that 

 has stood from morning to night, or night to morn- 

 ing, and heat it, so as to give it to the calf blood 

 warm, and two quarts at a time, twice a day ; when 

 the calf is a week or two old, let the milk stand 

 longer before s^fimming and as he grows older, in- 

 crease the quantity till it gets to four quarts at a 

 time, twice a day. If the milk is scalded and 

 then cooled to blood heat, it will be better. If the 

 milk is given cooler than blood heat, it causes the 

 calf to scour, which is very injurious. 



I have raised nearly all my stock in this way, for 

 many years, with very good success. My heifers 

 and steers at three or four years old, will compare 

 well with those that suck the cow till they are 

 three or four months old. This method well prac- 

 ticed, not only mikes good cattle, but for me is the 

 cheapest — for generally the butter, by the time the 

 calf, if fattened, would be fit for the butcher, will 

 bring as much as the ealf would, so that I get a 

 good calf for the skimmed milk and a little work, 

 and the work ought not to be thought much of, for 

 farmers have nothing without work. One reason 

 of my taking the calf oft' so young is, the cow 

 forgets the calf sooner, and will be more quiet than 

 when it is older ; another is, it is in every respect 

 better for the cow. A FARMER. 



.March 4, 1840. 



At Raleigh, N. C, the season is so far advanced 

 that the farmers are plougliing and the gardeners 

 busy at work, while the peach and other fruit trees 

 are much advanced in vegetation. 



Butter is selling at Albany, at from 12 to 10 

 cents a pound. In New York and Philadelphia, 

 from 18 to 25. 



During the month of February, upwards of 

 23,000 barrels of flour were forwarded from Fred- 

 eric to Baltimore. 



