v;>i,. XVm. NO. 30. 



AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER. 



327 



laif bushels of oats to the acre, two of barley, and 

 )ne and a half of wlieat. 



Have you used lime ? 



None, it not bein£j easily hnd. 



How many acres laid down to grass this year ? 



Eleven acres. Four acres seeded in the spring-. 

 Seven acres of grass land, approaching the meadow 

 and, turned over in September, llien rolled, and 

 ;wentytwo loads of compost manure applied to the 

 icrc, thoroughly harrowed and seeded and again 

 oiled. It now looks very promising. We trieil a 

 jrear ago this fall, three acres of the same kind of 

 and in the same way, and cut this season two and 

 1 half tons per acre. We sow one and a half to 



o pecks of herds grass seed, one bushel of red- 

 top seed to the acre. In the spring we sowed 

 Lwelve pounds of clover seed to the acre on the 

 three acres seeded in the fall, and intend sowing 

 twelve pounds per acre upon the seven acres. We 

 do sow V ith the grain crop. 



What are your means and what your manner of 

 collecting ^nd making manure ? 



Loam where it can be had, meadow mud from the 

 ditches, and refuse vegetable matter. Having a 

 cellar under the barn, we tie up our cattle — in the 

 fall of the year we cast in loam directly under their 

 J stalls and spread it. We keep our fat cattle in the 

 cellar, and every morning throw under them a few 

 shovels full of loam. 



What is the number of your cattle ? 



Three yoke of oxen, two horses, twentysi,x cows, 

 twentyone only of which we have milked,) one bull, 

 and five calves, which we are raising from our best 

 cows. Also, one hundred and forty Merino and 

 [Saxony sheep. 

 [ What is the size of your barns ? 



One barn 84 feet by 30, and 21 feet deep bay ; 

 cellar under the whole — a part for manure and one 

 end for vegetables. The othar barn 50 feet by ."Jii, 

 standing lower, and of necessity without 8 cellar, 

 which is used for our sheep in winter. 



The breed of our cattle is native cows of well 

 'related native breed, principally. The bi>ll, a part 

 of English breed. 



A part of our calves run with their mother — a 

 part fed with skim-milk and meal. 



How much butter made this year.' 



Twentyfour hundred and fiftyfive pounds. (Most 

 of our cows calved in the early part of winter.) 



How much cheese and how much of it new milk .' 



Four hundred and seventyeight pounds of cheese 

 — fiftyfive of new milk. 



How many swine ? 



Eleven fat hogs and eleven stores. 



Of what breed are they ? 



A crossing of the Mackay and Colombia county. 

 New York. 



We feed them in summer on boiled potatoes and 

 skim-milk, and fatten them on potatoes, pumpkins, 

 apples boiled and mixed with meal. 



How many cartloads of manure do you take from 

 your sty in a year, and of what materials is it made ? 



One hundred cartloads, made of loam, mcadow- 

 mud and vegetable matter. 



What number of hands do you employ, and how 

 much do you pay for your labor? 



Mr Vose's labor with one man through the sea- 

 son, at $18 per month ; 3.5 days labor in haying — 

 a part of the labor done in haying with a horse 

 rake. 



The number of your apple trees? 



About one hundred. 



Are they natural or grafted ? 



The greater proportion natural. Have no other 

 fruit trees. 



The canker-worms and borers have not lis yet 

 appeared. 



Ardent spirits have not been used on the farm 

 for the last fourteen years. 



We haife sold ten hundred and spvcntyfivc lbs. 

 of pork, and have eleven hogs now to kill, which 

 will probably average from 375 to 400 lb. each. — 

 $40 1 1 have been taken for pigs. 



The amount of produce sold from the farm for 

 the last seven years, has averaged two thousand 

 dollars per year. The largest amount being twen- 

 tyfour hundred and fortyfour dollars. Only one 

 thousand and fifty dollars worth of hay sold during 

 the seven years. 



trees on Rocky Hill, in Northampton, being over 

 three years old, and found the number to be sev- 

 enteen hundred and fiftyfour, and in a flourishing 

 condition on the first day of September, 1839, grow- 

 ing on about one and a half acre of land and ave- 

 raging more than one thousand to the acre ; planted 

 on a dry gravelly knoll, of very poor soil, yet there 

 is a luxuriant crop of grass under the trees, while 

 the land contiguous, of the same (juality, produces 

 only a few stinted weeds and running vines or 

 briers. We estimated the average height of the 

 trees at nine feet, and the average girth at half a 

 foot, yet many are much larger and higher. 



THEODORE WRIGHT, 

 WILLIAM W. COOK. 

 .Yorlhamplon, 1839. 



[The following statement of Dr Stebbins, with 

 the one in our last paper, should have been pub- 

 lished in connexion with the Report of the Com- 

 mittee " on Trees and Live Hedges," given in the 

 Farmer of the 11th ult.] 



OF THE YELLOW LOCUST. 

 To Peter C. Brooks, Wni. Prescott, E. H. Derby, Josiali 

 Quincy, jr., and Elias Phinney, E'sqrs., Committee of 

 the Massacliusellts Sociely for Promoting Agriculture. 



Gentlemen — Under the article of "Trees and 

 Live Hedges" in your list of premiums, is mention- 

 ed the yellow locust tree, growing on not less than 

 one acre nor fewer than 1000 trees per acre, raised 

 from the seed, and not less than three years old, 

 and in the most flourishing condition on the first 

 day of September, 1839. i 



I have a grove or plantation of yellow locust 

 trees, not before ofl'ered for premium to the Massa- 

 chusetts Agricultural Society. The trees are of 

 different ages and size ; the first were planted out 

 about twelve years since, from the seed, to which 

 additions have been annually made, to supply the 

 places of 4.hose which had perished for want of suf- 

 ficient roots to support the tops ; to avoid which, 

 have more recently adopted the plan of heading 

 them down to 3 or 4 inches above the root at the 

 time of transplanting from the nursery, and with 

 manifest advantage to the growth. 



The trees are set at about an equal distance of 

 six feet each way, requiring 1210 to an acre. The 

 soil is very sterile, dry and gravelly. The growth 

 has been slow, but if the trees had been planted on- 

 rich soil, they might have been of sufficient size to 

 commence using very soon ; but growing on so poor 

 soil, will require from 12 to 15 years more to attain 

 the most profitable size for use. 



The object of setting the trees so close was, that 

 they might the sooner shade the surface and pro- 

 mote the growth of grass. This object has been 

 already realised to my entire satisfaction ; where 

 before nothing better than a few stinted weeds and 

 running briers grew, nor did these " ill weeds grow 

 apace." 



The estimated value of the yellow locust is stat- 

 ed in another paper accompanying this ; in addi- 

 tion to which it may be remarked, that from the 

 sowing of the seed, the increase of value is esti- 

 mated, by those who have for years cultivated the 

 tree, at not less than twelve and a half cents for 

 the product of each seed, annually and perpetually. 



All of which is respectfully submitted by 



DANIEL STEBBINS. 



V/e hereby certify, that at the request of Dr Dan- 

 iel Stebbins, we have counted his yellow locust 



For the N. E. Farmer. 



ZOOLOGY IMPORTANT TO FARMERS. 



A righteous man regardcth the life of his beast. 



Solomon. 



This language, though uttered many centuries 

 ago, and by one to whom wisdom was granted in 

 compliance with his request, insomuch that he has 

 been reputed as possessing it in a superior degree 

 through, all intervening ages, is nevertheless by 

 many »f our enlightened day, considered as highly 

 figurative, or else, as so far partaking of the mis- 

 taken ideas of those old-fashioned times, as to de- 

 serve being held in remembrance only as relicts of 

 antiquated notions. Hence we see men of every 

 ;tribe and nation — every sect and party^of all 

 ranks and in all situations — setting aside its injunc- 

 tions and treating the animals which Providence 

 has created for their convenience, enjoyment, and 

 as the pioneers of wealth, as though they had actu- 

 ally beeo pl#ced at their disposal as subjects on 

 which they were to exercise all the rigors of spite 

 and vengeance which their " little brief authority" 

 can command. How strange mnst the infatuation 

 be, which prompts or tolerates such conduct. 



The beasts of the field were evidently created 

 for the benefit of man, and in forms and for purpo- 

 ses adapted to his convenience. "The ox was 

 formed for labor, and much increase is by his 

 strength." The horse, adorned with beauty, is en- 

 dowed with qualities for speed. And so the chain 

 is filled up with links varying as the variations of ' 

 his wants require. In return for the benefits which 

 man receives from the beasts at his disposal, he has 

 obligations towards them, which if he fail to per- 

 form, he is held reprehensible by the moral, and 

 should be by civil la.w, while at the same time he 

 is suffering pecuniary losses from his negligence 

 towards them, inasmttch as the animal subjects it- 

 self to vicissitudes which it docs not meet with in 

 a wild and unsubdued state, by becoming his ser- 

 vant. Among these changes may be noticed the 

 liabilities to disease which we believe in most in- 

 stances among the brute creation, arise in conse- 

 quence of an exchange from a wild to a domesti- 

 cated state. As long as an animal ranges the 

 fields or forests in native freedom, it is the judge 

 of its own necessities and provider of its own wants. 

 It eats such things as are congenial to- its nature, 

 drinks, lies down and rises up when it pleases ; — 

 but when brought under the jurisdiction of " the 

 lord of this lower world," it must obey the injunc- 

 tion of eating "such things as are set before" it — 

 "and learn therewith to be content", — while in 

 drinks it is often brought under principles of "<o<aZ 



