VOL. XVm. NO. 51. 



AND HORTICULTURAL REGISTER, 



423 



MassachiigcKs Hoiticnltiiral Sot^lely. 



KXHIBITIOK OF KLOVVEKS. 



HiUiirday, June 20tlt, lt!40. 



" Now i)arting Spring, 

 Parent of licaiily and of song, has left 

 His mantle, tiower-embroider d on the ground, 

 While Summer laughing conies, and bids the months 

 Crown his prime si^ason with his choicest stores, 

 Frcsk Roses opening to the solar rav. 

 And fruits slow-swellingon the loaded hough. 



Here let mv soul, amid ten thousand charms. 

 Delighted range, «»••.» 



Borne on devotion's win^, beyond the pole. 

 To highest Heaven, in thought ; to Nature's God." 



Our roon'.s, this day, were crowded with the 

 choicest of Flora's handmaids; the "lovely Rose," 

 and the '-Pink with scent divine," were exhibited 

 for premium, as our readers will perceive by the 

 awards recorded below. Many other choice flow- 

 ers graced the stands of the various e.'chibitions. 

 The pot plants of Erica's, (nine varieties) Fluchsi 

 as Bouvar.lia, Pimelia, and sent by Mr .lohn 

 Towne, addsd nui h to the general display ; which, 

 by the by, was equal to any former show. 



A tine specimen (if JIagnolia, (Macrophilla) 

 from Jno. A. Kenrick of Nowton, was mucli ad- 

 mired. 



The principal contributions of Roses, were from 

 Messrs Johnson, John A. Kenrick, Wm. Kenrick, 

 VVinship, Howe, John Hovey, and S. Waljjer. 



Of Pinks, Me.'^srs Mcller and VVall;er. 



In the stand, of fine things from the Messrs 

 Winsliips, of Brighton, wo noticed a specimen of 

 Dtria scabra, one of the prettiest tilings we have 

 seen for many a day. We said to our friend Story, 

 "put us down" for a plant; we say to our friends — 

 who lovo good things — get a plant. 



If It was in our tine we should do more than pay 

 a passing notice to the fine seedling Strawberry 

 raised by Messrs Hovey & Co. But this much we 

 must say, that had our taste been consulted, to the 

 same extent that ouv sight and scent have been grat- 

 ified, we should have recorded them equal, if not 

 superior to the best in the country. 



Native plants by Mr. E. Wight. 



The committee appointed to award premiunus on 

 Roses and Pinks, have attended to that duty, and 

 adjudged tliem as follows: 



Pinks — best display, to S. Walker; 



Best Seedling, to S. Walker. 



Mr Walker having entered for the best (i, and 

 his flowers being the finest, the committee do not 

 award any premium, but they would recommend 

 that a discretionary premium of §2 be given to Mr 

 Meller for liis fine display, as well as for some fine 

 seedlings. 



Roses — Ihe best .50 blooms, to J. A. Kenrick ; 



2d best .")0 do., to S. R. Johnson ; 



Best display of choce roses, to S. R. Johnson. 



The committee would make honorable nienticm 

 of the fine displays of Roses by Messrs Winship, 

 R. Howe, John Hovey and Wm. Kenrick. Some 

 of the flowers were as fine as any in the room. 

 CM. HOVEY, 

 JOSEPH DRECK 



From John A. Kenrick, Newton; GO var. Roses. 

 Delphinium sinensis ; P^oiiy whitleji ; P. fragrans ; 

 P. humei ; Gladiolis ; Magnolia macropliilla ; Pen- 

 stemone alba; Hemerocallis lutea ; Spiiaefolius va- 

 riegata, &c. 



From Wm. Kenrick, Newton ; Poeonies — reeve- 

 sii, new pink color; P. whitleji, humei, fragrans, 

 &c. ; Roses, 30 kinds — Iris pallida, Hispanica 



and Pcrsica, Galeria, U^nothora iVazeri ; Honey- 

 suckles, .'S kinds; liiirkspurs, Cnineso and other 

 kiniis; Valeria ; Pinks ; Heiiieroc.illis flava ; Sword 

 Lilies or Gladiolis comiTiunis; nd and G. alba or 

 white; Venetian sumachs; Siberian spirit; and 

 double white ilo. ; and various other flowers of the 

 season. 



From Jo.'m Tow no ; Erica venticosa, E. ventico- 

 sa superba (2), E. cerinthoides (2), E. sevillii, E. ru- 

 bens (2), E. arbntiflora, E. cnrviflora, E. nibida, 

 E. longiflora. Fuchsia teiiella, do gloho.-a, Bouvar- 

 dia triphylla, Gawoquia huokerii, Uoclla ciliata, Pi- 

 melia rosea. 



For the Cuiiimittee, 



S. >,VAI,]vER, Chnlrnum. 



O.X BREEDING IN AND IN. 



" A difi'eience of opinion may always be ex- 

 pected to exist, as to form and color that consti- 

 tiies the beauty of animals, as well as vegetables, 

 but it cannot bo denied that the grand object of 

 agriculture should be, a profitable proiluce. The 

 mode of attaining this object, no doubt, will be de- 

 termined in a great measure by peculiarity of situa- 

 tion and circumstances ; but taking it for granted 

 that every agriculturist must be desirous of keeping 

 up the good'qualities, if not of improreing his stock, 

 the only questions that can arise are, — What is an 

 improv'^neni ') and what will produce pro/(/ ? And 

 let this be determined aa it may, perfection can 

 only be obtained by a selection of breeders. If a 

 greater or less size be required, stronger propen.-ii- 

 ties or greater and more perfect heallh and vigor, 

 the object must be obtained by selecting and par- 

 ing those males and females which possess in the 

 gieatest degree the requisite qualities, whether 

 crossing be resorted to, or breeding in and in. 

 When left to nature, this is always determined one 

 way ; those which are rendered the weakest, from 

 whatever cause, are driven off, or down, by the 

 strongest and most vigorous; and as all have to 

 contend with tlie same climate, lodging and food, 

 those possessing the best habits must always pro- 

 vail, and consequently, the breed mu.'st be kept up 

 to its highest perfection. And in adherence to 

 these principles — that which is most congenial to 

 the laws of 72a/«7-c, is the most proftable — is clear- 

 ly established by practii;al demonstration. 



It is well known that there are many farms, and 

 many large districts that never do fatten their 

 stock, and indeed are considered and found inadiJ- 

 quate to it. And what other cause can be assign- 

 ed for this, but that the stock are bred by continual 

 crossing with males reared under advantages of su- 

 peror lodging, food, and i-limate, to what such 

 farms and districts naturally produce ? As S5ir 

 John Sinclair observes, animals bred from the same 

 family and selected for their peculiar propensities 

 to fallen, have a large proportion of flesh, and but 

 little bone ; so on the contrary, animals bred from 

 meagre females, living in a harsh climate and with 

 a scanty supply of food, by crossing with males of 

 the largest size, produced by superior food, and in 

 a climate more congenial, have a large proporticm 

 of bone, and but little flesh, and possess withal a 

 more delicate and precarious state of health. Any 

 land whatever, that will furnish food enough to 

 maintain two animals in a state for breeding and 

 with a climate and lodging requisite to sustain 

 health and vigor, will be found equal to the fatten- 

 ing an animal that had been naturalised to it by 

 breeding in and in for several generations. Every 



farm may be considered as having its peculiar ad- 

 vantages and disadvantages, compared with others ; 

 and profit can only arise from a skilful observance 

 and management of these. 



There does not exist a more mislaken notion, 

 than that the stock of one farm may be kept equal 

 to every other, by crossing and chnnging the ani- 

 mals and seeds only. It has been well observed, 

 that ' nature provides every creature with a shelter 

 fiom the storm.' If u male and female of any spe- 

 cies of animal or plant, be bred under circumstan- 

 ces of a congenial climate, and a liberal supply of 

 food, and afterwards placed in a situation where 

 the climate is harsh, and the supply of food scanty, 

 they must of necessity decline in flesh, and in 

 healtii and vigor ; but their young, bred under 

 those circuiiistanc(.-s of privation, will acquire hab- 

 its, and be reduced to a size more conformable : 

 and these again breeding in and in, the habits of 

 their progeny will still become belter adapted, un- 

 til by degrees they will become perfectly innured 

 and naturalized, and capable of making the utmost 

 return the farm is equal to, and at the least ex- 

 pense. But if, on the other hand, the breeder 

 chooses to contend with, and oppose nature, and 

 instead of subrr'tting to her laws, he still persists 

 in attempting to keep up the size, by a fresh supply 

 of males and females from the original quarter, he 

 inevitably must be subjected to the consequences 

 of want of health and vigor, and incur great hazard 

 and extra expense. That the above principles 

 equally govern the vegetable, as well as the animal 

 world, has been demonstrated by .Sir Joseph Banks, 

 who says, that by repeatedly raising plants from 

 the seeds grown on the spot, he has so naturalized 

 to this climate vegetables that were natives of a 

 warm climate, r.nJ whicli, on their first introduction 

 into this country, could only be kept alive in con- 

 servatories, that they are now enabled to flourish 

 in the open air, without artificial protection." 



Again : " After a perfect stock has been obtain- 

 ed, how is it to bo continued ? 'I his seems to be 

 the grand question, and it only can be answered 

 on the ])rinciples bef ire explained, viz. by duly at- 

 tending to their qualities and habits, when select- 

 ing the breeders ; and again, t-j the means by 

 which these qualities and habits are sustained. If 

 great size be the valuable quality, and the utmost 

 which nature will admit of has been produced by 

 an artificial climate and lodgings, and a selection 

 of food, it must be obvious, that with the same cli- 

 mate, lodging and food, the same stock may be 

 kept up breeding in and in ; but with a less con- 

 genial climate, lodging and food, the progeny of 

 such animals must decline, and become less in 

 size ; and at the same time it might be observed, 

 that under these circumstances, no crossing can 

 keep up the size and properties. And again, if 

 animals or vegetables, of whatever size, bred in a 

 certain climate, and with certain lodging and food, 

 can be furnished with a lodging, climate, and food, 

 more congenial and nutritive, they may be in- 

 ereased and improved by breeding in and in." — 

 Hfiyward's Science of Jlgriciltvre. 



JVew Wheat. — The Houston Telegr.-.ph says that 

 a species of wheat indigenous to the country, has 

 been discovered in the northwestern frontier of 

 Texas. It is thought to be a valuable variety. 



Destroy weeds while young, or they will get the 

 upper hand, and be apt to keep it during the sum- 



