CONTENTS. xi 



PAGE 



39. Detection of impurities in official inorganic chemical prep- 



arations. 



General remarks Official chemicals and their purity Tests 

 as to identity Qualitative tests for impurities Quantitative 

 tests for the limit of impurities 433-437 



VI. 



CONSIDERATION OF CARBON COMPOUNDS, OR ORGANIC 



CHEMISTRY. 



40. Introductory remarks. Elementary analysis, 



Definition of organic chemistry Elements entering into or- 

 ganic compounds General properties of organic compounds 

 Difference in the analysis of organic and inorganic substances 

 Qualitative analysis of organic substances Ultimate or 

 elementary analysis Determination of carbon, hydrogen, 

 oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, and phosphorus Determination of 

 atomic composition from results obtained by elementary 

 analysis Empirical and molecular formulas Rational, con- 

 stitutional, structural, or graphic formulas 439-448 



41. Constitution, decomposition, and classification of organic 



compounds. 



Radicals or residues Chains Homologous series Sub- 

 stitution Derivatives Isomerism Metamerism Polymer- 

 ism Stereo-isomerism Various modes of decomposition 

 Action of heat upon organic substances Dry or destructive 

 distillation Action of oxygen upon organic substances 

 Combustion Decay Fermentation and putrefaction Anti- 

 septics, disinfectants, and deodorizers Action of chlorine, bro- 

 mine, nitric acid, alkalies, dehydrating and reducing agents 

 upon organic substances Classification of organic compounds 448-462 



42. Hydrocarbons. Haloid derivatives. 



Occurrence in nature Formation of hydrocarbons Prop- 

 erties Paraffin or methane series Methane Ethane Coal 

 Natural gas Coal-oil, petroleum Illuminating gas Coal- 

 tar Unsaturated hydrocarbons Olefines Ethylene Amyl- 

 ene Acetylene Halogen derivatives of hydrocarbons 

 Methyl chloride Dichlor- and Tetrachlor-methane Chloro- 

 form Bromoform lodoform Ethyl chloride, bromide, and 

 iodide Compounds of alkyl radicals with other elements 

 Sodium cacodylate 462-478 



43. Alcohols. 



Constitution of alcohols Occurrence in nature Formation 

 and properties of alcohols Monatomic normal alcohols 

 Methyl alcohol Ethyl alcohol Denatured alcohol Alcoholic 

 liquors Wines, beer, spirits Amyl alcohol Allyl alcohol 

 Glycerin Glycerin trinitrate Dynamite Glycerin-phos- 

 phoric acid 479-489 



