BENZENE SERIES. AROMATIC COMPOUNDS. 571 



ten minutes, but not in seven and a half minutes. Hence, carbolic acid coeffi- 

 cient of the formaldehyde in this instance was ^, or 0.36. 



The laws of some states require the labels of substances sold as disinfectants 

 to state the carbolic acid coefficient. The following table shows the coefficients 

 and the relative money values of various disinfectants in the market: 



Carbol' ' C St f the Quantity of dls ' 

 Disinfectant. acid " Infectant equivalent to 1 



coefficient EngUsh gttll n f 98 per 



cent, carbolic acid. 



Carbolic acid, 98 per cent 1.00 $ 0.25 



Chinosol . 0.30 127.87 



Condy's fluid 0.90 2.00 



Cyllin (a cresol) 11.00 0.08 



Formaldehyde 0.30 4.40 



Izal 8.00 0.12 



Listerine 0.03 324.62 



Lysoform 0.10 36.49 



Lysol 2.50 0.76 



Pearson's antiseptic 1.40 0.42 



Sanitas 0.02 42.56 



The coefficients of some other disinfectants are : sulphonaphthol, 2.2 ; zeno- 

 leum, 2.49 ; kreso, 2.5 ; chloronaphtholeum, 5.4 ; hyco, 19 ; Platt's chlorides, 3. 



Antidotes. Alcohol is the best antidote ; it prevents the corrosive action of 

 phenol. But the stomach should be at once emptied and washed out, else the 

 phenol will be absorbed and then alcohol would prove worse than no antidote. 

 Soluble sulphates have been recommended on the supposition that harmless 

 phenolsulphonates are formed, but recent experimenters have asserted that 

 they are useless as an antidote. Hot applications to the extremities, hypo- 

 dermic injection of cardiac and respiratory stimulants, intravenous injection of 

 normal saline solution, and morphine to relieve pain, are valuable aids in phenol 

 poisoning. 



Tests for phenol. 

 (Use an aqueous solution.) 



1. It coagulates albumin and collodion. 



2. It colors solutions of neutral ferric chloride intensely and per- 

 manently violet-blue. 



3. Bromine water, added in excess, produces, even in dilute solu- 

 tions, a white precipitate of tri-brom-phenol, C 6 H 2 Br 3 OH, which has 

 been used medicinally under the name of Bromol. 



4. Millon's reagent (see Index), heated to boiling with phenol solu- 

 tion, gives an intense red color on addition of a few drops of nitric 

 acid. 



5. On heating with nitric acid it turns yellow, nitre-phenols being 

 formed. 



