574 CONSIDERATION OF CARBON COMPOUNDS. 



of a bituminous mineral found in Tyrol. It is a brown, tar-like liquid, having 

 a disagreeable odor. 



Cresol, C 7 H 7 OH==1O7.25. The official cresol is a mixture of the 

 three isomeric cresols, (C C H 4 .CH 3 .OH), or hydroxyl derivatives of 

 toluene, the ortho-, para-, and meta-cresol. The cresols bear the same 

 relation to toluene that phenol bears to benzene, and they resemble 

 phenol very closely in their properties. Cresol is a colorless or straw- 

 colored refractive liquid having a phenol-like odor. It is soluble in 

 60 parts of water, miscible with alcohol, ether, and glycerin in all 

 proportions. It boils at about 200 C. (392 F.). 



Cresol is slightly soluble in water, hence it is often used in the form of emul- 

 sions, or dissolved with the aid of salts or of soap. Compound solution of cresol, 

 Liquor cresolis compositus, is a linseed-oil-soap solution of cresol, of 50 per cent, 

 strength. It is of much more definite composition than many commercial prep- 

 arations of similar nature. Lysol is about the same as the official solution. 

 The mixtures known as creolins usually contain impure cresol dissolved with 

 the aid of rosin soap. They usually form emulsions when diluted with water. 

 Solveol and solutol are solutions of cresol made with the aid of salts. Tri-cresol 

 (enterot) is said to contain 35 per cent, of ortho-cresol, 40 per cent, of meta-cresol, 

 and 25 per cent, of para-cresol, and is soluble to the extent of 2.2 to 2.55 per 

 cent, in water. A vast number of other similar solutions are on the market. It 

 is generally held that cresol is more toxic to bacteria than phenol is. Losophan 

 and europhen are iodine compounds of cresol. 



Creosote, Creosotum. Two different preparations of this name 

 are sold in the market. One is coal-tar creosote and is chiefly an 

 impure carbolic acid. The official creosote is a liquid product of the 

 distillation of wood-tar, especially of beechwood-tar, which contains 

 sometimes as much as 25 per cent, of creosote ; it resembles carbolic 

 acid in many respects, especially in its antiseptic properties and its 

 action on the skin. It is a mixture of substances, but consists chiefly 

 of guaiacol, C 6 H 4 .OCH 3 .OH, and creosol, C 6 H 3 .CH 3 .OCH 3 .OH. 



From carbolic acid beechwood creosote may be distinguished by 

 requiring as much as 150 parts of water for solution; by being 

 miscible with the official collodium in equal volumes without form- 

 ing a coagulum ; by not being solidified on cooling ; by not coloring 

 ferric chloride permanently ; and by its boiling-point, which rises 

 from 205 to 215 C. (401 to 419 F.). 



Creosote carbonate (Creosotal] is a mixture of carbonic acid esters, anal- 

 ogous to guaiacol carbonate, prepared from creosote by passing a current of 

 carbonyl chloride into a solution of creosote in sodium hydroxide. It is a yel- 

 lowish, thick, clear, and transparent liquid, odorless, and has a bland oily taste. 



