614 CONSIDERATION OF CARBON COMPOUNDS. 



Codeine has been found to be morphine methyl-ether, and is made 

 synthetically by heating morphine with methyl-iodide. 



Codeine combines with acids to form salts soluble in water, of which 

 the following are official : 



Codeine phosphate, Codeinae phosphas, C 18 H 21 NO 3 .H 3 PO4.2H 2 O. 

 Codeine sulphate, Codeinse sulphas, (C 18 H 21 NO 3 ) 2 .H 3 SO 4 .5H 2 O. 



Analytical reactions : 



1. On adding to 5 c.c. of an aqueous solution of codeine (1 : 100) 

 10 drops of bromine water, shaking so as to redissolve the precipitate 

 formed, and adding after a few minutes some ammonia water, the 

 liquid assumes a claret-red tint. (Plate VI., 3.) 



2. Codeine heated with sulphuric acid containing a drop of nitric 

 acid gives a blood-red color. 



3. Codeine, dissolved in sulphuric acid, forms a colorless liquid, 

 which, upon being warmed with a trace of ferric chloride, becomes 

 deep blue. 



4. Crystals of codeine sprinkled upon nitric acid assume a red 

 color, but the acid will acquire only a yellow, not a red color. (Dif- 

 ference from morphine.) 



5. Sulphuric acid containing a trace of selenious acid gives a green 

 color, changing rapidly to blue, and then slowly back to grass-green. 



Dionin, C 19 H 2 30 3 N.HC1 4- H 2 0, is the hydrochloride of the ethyl ester of 

 morphine, which is similar to codeine, the methyl ester of morphine, and is 

 prepared in the same manner as the latter. It is a white, odorless, slightly 

 bitter powder, soluble in 7 parts of water and 2 parts of alcohol ; insoluble in 

 ether and chloroform. It is distinguished from morphine salts by its insolu- 

 bility in excess of alkali. Some authorities claim that it possesses no advan- 

 tage over codeine. 



Narcotine, C 22 H 23 N0 7 , and Narceine, C 23 H 27 N0 8 .3H.,0, are white crystalline 

 opium alkaloids, which are almost insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol. 

 Concentrated sulphuric acid forms with narcotine a solution which is at first 

 colorless, but turns yellow in a few minutes, and purple on heating. Narceine 

 dissolves in concentrated sulphuric acid with a gray-brown color, which changes 

 to red when heated. 



Stypticin, C 12 H 13 3 N.HC1 ( Cotarnine hydrochloride), is a salt of cotarnine, 

 an oxidation product of narcotine, similar to hydrastinine. Cotarnine is ob- 

 tained by boiling narcotine for a long time with water, or by heating it with 

 dilute nitric acid. Stypticin is a yellow powder, soluble in water and in alco- 

 hol. Its solution gives, with iodine solution, a brown precipitate of cotarnine 

 periodide. It is a hemostatic, analgesic, and uterine sedative. 



