URINE AND ITS CONSTITUENTS. 709 



Pathological constituents. 



f Serum albumin. 

 Serum globulin. 



Albumose (proteose). 

 Proteins : 



Peptone. 



Bence-Jones albumin. 

 . Haemoglobin. 



Carbohydrates : 



Glycuronic acid. 



Glucose (dextrose). 



Levulose. 



Maltose. 



Lactose. 



Pentose. 



f /3-oxy-butyric acid. 

 Acetone bodies -j Diacetic acid. 

 I Acetone. 



Biliary acids, biliary pigments. 



Melanin. 



Alkapton. 



Unknown body or bodies giving the Ehrlich diazo-reaction. 



Determination of total solids. An approximate determination 

 of total solids may be deduced from the specific gravity of the urine, 

 as it has been found that the last two figures of the specific gravity 

 of urine, multiplied by 2.2, correspond to the number of grammes in 

 1000 c.c. of urine. If, for instance, 1450 c.c. of urine, of a specific 

 gravity of 1 .018, have been discharged in twenty-four hours, then the 

 quantity of total solids in 1000 c.c. will be 18 X 2.2, or 39.6 grammes ; 

 and in 1450 c.c., 57.42 grammes. 



A more exact method of determining the total solids in urine is the evapora- 

 tion of about 10 c.c. in a weighed platinum dish over a water-bath (or, better, 

 under the receiver of an air-pump over sulphuric acid), until it is found that no 

 more loss in weight ensues on continued exposure of the dish in the drying 

 apparatus. By now reweighing the dish, plus contents, and deducting from 

 the weight that of the empty dish, the weight of total solids is found. This 

 determination has practically no clinical value. 



Determination of inorganic constituents. The platinum dish 

 containing the known quantity of total solids is exposed to the action 

 of a non-luminous flame, and the heat continued until all organic 

 matter has been destroyed and expelled. By reweighing now, and 

 deducting the weight of the platinum dish, plus ash, from the weight 



