36 ORGANS OK H F.SIM HAT I OX, KTC. 



in contact witli tile water iii tin- chamber becomes stick-like and 

 gland ul. -ir. The pericardium :ind the s ; icks containing the testes 

 and ovaries, appear to coniiiiiinic;ite with Hie pallial cavity either 

 through these chambers or directly. . 



The blood is ;i white liquid with :i slight tendency to bluish, 

 and contains water s{l per centum, Albumen ." per centum, Salts 

 and substances incoagulable by he;it f'5 per centum, Fibrine, etc., 

 5 per centum. 



Valenciennes discovered in Nautilus three pairs of openings 

 connecting the branchial sack with live chambers: of which the 

 anterior and posterior pairs situated on the sides of the rectum 

 are each provided with a single opening: whilst the fifth, a much 

 larger chamber, has an opening on either side, [t is separated 

 by their walls from the other chambers ; and from the atteren 

 branchial veins which traverse these walls, lamellar append , 

 project into the paired chambers, and papillated ones into the 

 single large chamber. In the smaller chambers are usually found 

 concretions of phosphate of lime, without tract- of uric acid. 



The gills form a cylinder in Octopus and Sepia, and in Loligo 

 and other genera they are in the form of a half-cylinder: they 

 are two in number in the naked cephalopods. as well as those 

 possessing an internal shell : and four, arranged a pair on each 

 side, in the Nautilus : hence the terms Pibranchiata and Tetra- 

 branchiata, forming the highest divisions of the class Cephal- 

 opoda. The? water finds access to the gills through the large 

 opening between the free anterior ventral margin of the mantle 

 and the body, and it is expelled from the funnel by a muscular 

 contraction of the wall of the mantle. 



The mantle is usually fastened dorsally by a muscular neck- 

 band or iiur/ntl band, to the head of the animal, and this band 

 may be either narrow or broad, or may even extend laterally 

 nearly around to the siphon: but usually t he vent ral margin of 

 the mantle, at least, is detached from the body: t he degree of 

 attachment varies in the dilfereiil genera. Within the mantle 

 opening an- found the branching the anus, the openings of t he 

 generative and urinating organs, and of the ink-bag. 



I'rinary openings are found on each ^ide of the rectum. The 

 urine is decidedly acid and limpid, and is filled with myriads of 

 infusoria and a ureat quantity of aggregations of lit t le crvstaN 



