CHAPTER IV 



THE WAYS OF LIFE 

 (MODES OF ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR) 



'Bacb of bet works bas an essence of its own ; eacb of ber 

 pbenomena a special characterisation; and set tbeic diver* 

 sitg is in units. . . .' 



'Sbe bas alwap.8 tbougbt and always tbtnfcs ; tbougb not 

 as a man, but as "Mature. Sbe broods over an allscompre* 

 bending idea, wbicb no searching can find out. . . .' 



Sbe creates needs because sbe loves action. Wondrous ! 

 tbat sbe produces all tbis action so easily. JEverp. need is a 

 benefit, swiftly satisfied, swiftly, renewed. jEverg fresb 

 want is a new source of pleasure, but sbe soon reacbes an 

 equilibrium/ 



4 Sbe bas neither language nor discourse; but sbe creates 

 tongues and bearts, bp. wbtcb sbe feels and speaks.' 



Goethe's Aphorisms, translated by Huxley. 



What is Animal Behaviour ? Behaviour of the Lower Animals : 

 Tropisms and more than Tropisms The Study of Animal 

 Instinct Instances of Instinctive Behaviour The Tale of 

 the Black White AmW-Specialized Character of Many Instincts 

 Limitations of Instinct Some Difficult Phenomena : ' Feign- 

 ing Death ', ' Bluffing ', ' Homing ', ' Masking ' Intelligent 

 Behaviour Instinct and Intelligence Educated Animals. 



THERE can be no doubt that investigators of animal 

 behaviour during the last quarter of a century have 

 been much less generous than their predecessors, and that 

 they have in their parsimony greatly advanced our under- 

 standing. For it is an important rule in science to make the 

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