CLASSIFICATION OF HARD-WOODS. 63 



(a) With distinct, dark-coloured heartwood. Red 



Maple, A. rubrum. 



(b) Without distinctly coloured heartwood. Norway 



or Plane Maple, A. platanoides. 



nHH Wood light-coloured, reddish or yel- 

 low, lighter and softer. 



(a) Red-tinged, sometimes curled. Silver or Soft 



Maple, A. saccharinum. 



(b) Yellowish, with very broad rings : vessels minute, 



numerous. Box-elder, A. Negundo. 

 Pith-rays very fine, but distinct, not markedly 

 satiny : rings circular : wood white or green- 

 ish : vessels minute. Holly, Ilex. 

 ft Wood soft or very soft. 



Pores crowded, occupying nearly all the space 



between the pith-rays. 



\ Yellowish-white, often darker or greenish in the 

 heartwood. American White-wood, Yellow- 

 wood or Yellow Poplar, Liriodtndron tulipifera, 

 and Cucumber tree, Magndlia acumindta and 

 allied species. 



1 1 Sap wood greyish- white : heartwood light to dark 

 reddish-brown, heavy, but soft. Sweet Gum, 

 Bilsted or Red Gum of U.S.A., Liquiddmbar 

 styraciflua. 



Pores not crowded, occupying not more than 

 one-third . of the space between the pith- 

 rays : brownish or reddish-white to light 

 brown ; only slightly silky ; pith-rays less 

 distinct and less lustrous than in the 

 Maples : light. Linden, Lime or Basswood, 

 Tilia. 

 ** Pith-rays not distinct to the naked eye. 



f Wood hard : distribution of vessels uniform, or 



sometimes in wormlike lines. 

 Vessels 13 together. 



