BUILDING AND PAVING TIMBERS, ETC. 95 



though, of course, old oak beams, floors, and panellings are still 

 abundant. From its not splintering, Willow is still occasionally 

 used for flooring. In the United States, whilst White Oak 

 (Qu4rcus dlba) is very largely employed for the main timbers of 

 houses, the Pines, especially the soft White Pine (Pinus Strdbus), 

 the Long-leaf Pine (P. palustris), the Loblolly Pine (P. t(fala) and 

 the so-called Norway Pine (P. resindsa), with other species in the 

 west, are (under a confusing jumble of popular names) the 

 timbers most used. In Northern India, the Bhotan Pine (Pinus 

 exctlsa) and Himalayan Cypress (Cuprtssus toruldsa) are important 

 coniferous timbers, and there are several valuable species of Oak, 

 viz. Quercus semecarpifdlia, Q. dilatdta, Q. pachyphylla, Q. lamdldsa. 

 Q. fenestrdta, Q. spicdta and Q. Griffithii. Among the other hard- 

 woods important in building are Champa (Michllia Chdmpaca), 

 Redwood (Adendnthtra pavonina) Sal, Ironwood (Mhua f erred), 

 the Myrobalans, Babela, and Harra (Termindlia belerica and T. 

 Che'bula), Shoondul (Afztlia bijuga), Illupi (Bdssia longifdlid) and 

 Ironwood or Pyengadu (Xylia dolabrifdrmis). In Australia, the 

 Peppermint (Eucalyptus amygdalina) and the White Stringy Bark 

 (E. capiUlld); in New Zealand, the Totara (Podocdrpus T6tara) 

 and Tanakaha (Phylloclddus trichomanoides) ; the Yellow-wood 

 (Podocdrpus elongatus and P. latifdlius) in South Africa ; Mora and 

 Angelique in Guiana ; Canella preta (Nectdndra dtra and N. mdllis) 

 in Brazil ; and Cagiieyran (Copaifera hymenceifdlia) in Cuba, are all 

 timbers valuable to the builder. 



Wood-paving. The consumption of wood for paving in our 

 large towns, already enormous, is rapidly increasing, although the 

 comparative advantages of soft wood, in England mainly Pine, 

 with its greater cheapness, and hard woods, with their greater 

 durability and the chance of their becoming slippery, are not yet 

 decided. The chief hard woods as yet used in England are Jarrah 

 (Eucalyptus 'margindta) and Karri (E. diversfcolor) from South- 

 western Australia. Black-butt (E. pihddris) and Crow's Ash 

 (Flindtrsia austrdlis), from Eastern Australia, were laid experi- 

 mentally in Wellington Street, Strand, in 1895. Little can be 

 said in favour of the Red Gum of the Eastern United States 



