96 OF WOOD IN GENERAL. 



(Liquiddmbar styracifl.ua), a large quantity of which was ordered 

 for use in Westminster in 1901. "Cedar," often spoken of in this 

 connexion in Western American cities, is probably mostly the 

 wood of Thuya gigdntea (T. plicdta) and Cuprfasus lawsonidna. 



Shingles and fencing. Wooden shingle roofs, for which Oak 

 used to be employed, are of much less importance in England 

 than in the United States, where White Cedar (Thuya gigdntea 

 and T. occidentdlis, Cupre'ssus lawsonidna and C. Thyoides and 

 Liboctdrus decurrens) is largely used for this purpose, which requires 

 a straight-grained wood, easy to split. In all countries enormous 

 quantities of split and sawn timber are consumed for fencing pur- 

 poses ; more especially Oak and Larch with us; "Cedar" in the 

 United States; the so-called "Birch," really a Beech (Fdgus 

 Soldndri), in New Zealand ; and Beefwood or Swamp or Forest 

 Oak (Casuarina equisetifdlia) and allied species, together with 

 various species of Eucalyptus, in Australia, of which, perhaps, 

 E. amygdalina, E. rostrdta, and E. vimindlis are the chief. 



Carpentry. The work of the carpenter and joiner links that 

 of the builder to that of the cabinetmaker. In Europe, in addition 

 to much Baltic and American Pine, chiefly Pinus si/lve'stris. P. 



J tJ 



Strdbus, and P. palustris, he uses much Spruce (Picea excelsa), 

 Bordeaux Pine (Pinus Pinaster), and Swiss Pine (Abies pectindta), 

 besides Oak, Ash, and Chestnut. So also in the United States 

 and Canada, the Hemlock Spruce (Tsuga canadensis), White and 

 Black Spruces (Picea alba and P. nigra) ; and in the West Indies, 

 Fiddlewood (various species of Citharexylum) may be specially 

 mentioned as carpenters' woods. In South Africa the Cedar- 

 Boom (Widdringtdnia juniper dides), though not very durable, is a 

 useful wood, as the allied species, W. Wliltd, from the kloofs of 

 the Shire Highlands, may probably prove ; and in Eastern 

 Australia the Moreton Bay Pine (Araucdria Cunninghdmi) may be 

 mentioned in this group. The carpenter requires cheap wood, 

 easily worked, and of moderate strength. 



Carriage-building. We may class here the various woods 

 employed in the many branches of the wheelwright's, waggon 

 and carriage-builder's trade. Hornbeam (Carpinus Betulus) and 



