168 WOODS OF COMMERCE. 



Cherry, and also for turnery, in ship-building, and for fuel. It is 

 exported to England in sawn planks and in slightly waney logs 

 6 20 ft. long and 1 2 J ft. square, the best coming from Quebec. 

 It is here chiefly used for bedroom furniture, and fetches from 

 lid. to 2s. 7d. per foot. 



Birch, Grey. See Birch, Yellow and Birch, Old-Field. 



Birch, Mahogany. See Birch, Cherry. 



Birch, Old-Field (Betula populifolia Marshall: Order Betuldcece). 

 "White, Grey," or "Poplar-leaved Birch." From the St. 

 Lawrence to the Delaware. Height 25 30 ft. ; diam. 1 foot. 

 S.G. 576. W35-9. R 778 kilos. Sapwood brownish-white ; heart 

 light-brown, light, soft, fine-grained, taking a fine satiny polish, 

 not strong, nor durable. Used for bobbins, shoe-pegs, paper-pulp, 

 and fuel. 



Birch, Paper. See Birch, Canoe. 



Birch, Indian Paper (Betula Bhojpdtra Wall.). Sanskrit 

 "Bhurjama," Telugu " Bharjapatri," Japan "Onoore." Northern 

 India. Yellow to reddish-white, hard. Used for furniture and 

 exported. 



Birch, Red or River (Betula nigra L.). Eastern United 

 States. French "Merisier rouge." Smaller, lighter, and less 

 valuable than the other American species, nearly white. Used 

 like poplar, but not exported. 



Birch, Sweet. See Birch, Cherry. 



Birch, White. See Birch, Common, Canoe, Black, and 

 Old-Field. 



Birch, Yellow (Bttula lutea Michaux fil.). "Grey " or "Tall 

 Birch." Germ. "Gelbe Birke," French " Bouleau jaune," Span. 

 " Abedul amarillo." Eastern Canada and United States. 

 Height 60 80 ft. ; diam. 23 ft. S.G. 655. W 40-8. K 1248 

 kilos. Sapwood nearly white ; heart light reddish-brown, heavy, 

 very hard, close-grained, tough, very strong, taking a beautiful 

 satiny polish. Burrs occur, which are used for mallets. The 

 saplings are split for hoops and the older wood for very small 

 woodware, such as button-moulds, for chair-seats, wheel-hubs, and, 

 in Canada, for frames of sledges. It is also largely used for fuel. 



