198 WOODS OF COMMERCE. 



and 1416 in. square. S.G. 12201211. R 481 kilos. In the 

 West Indies the name is applied to Brya Ebenus. [See Ebony, 

 American.] 



Ebony, Madagascar, Macassar or Zanzibar (Diospyros 

 mespilifdrmis Hochst., haplostylis Boiv. and microrhdmbus Hiern, 

 and also Acacia glaucophylla Stead, and Dalbergia melanoxylon 

 Guill. and Perr. : Order Leyumindsai), all natives of tropical East 

 Africa, with black heartwood. 



Ebony, Manila (Dwspyros phUippdnsis Giirke and D. Ebendster 

 Retz.). 



Ebony, Mauritius (Diospyros tesseldria Poir.). 



Ebony, Mountain (Bauhinia Hookeri F. v. M. and B. Carrdnii 

 F. v. M. : Order Leguminosce). Also known as " Queensland 

 Ebony." Eastern Australia. The former 30 40 ft. high ; 11 -J 

 ft. in diam., dark-red, heavy : the latter light-brown to dark- 

 brown. Suitable for veneers. 



Ebony, Red (Diospyros rubra Gartn.). Mauritius. 



Ebony, St. Helena (Dombeya melanoxylon Roxb. : Order 

 Byttneridcece). Height 10 15 ft. S.G. 1145. W 71-5. Almost 

 exterminated by goats. 



Ebony, White (Diospyros Malacapdi A. DC.). Philippines. 



Elder (Sambucus nigra L. : Order Capri/olidcece). Europe, 

 West Asia and North Africa. A small tree. Pith very large ; 

 pith-rays numerous and distinct ; vessels more numerous in spring- 

 wood ; wood yellowish, hard, firm, difficult to dry, warping. 

 Used in turnery. 



Elder, Box. See Maple, Ash-leaved. 



Elm, a name referring originally and mainly to species of the 

 genus Ulmus (Order Ulmdcece), broad-leaved trees with very large 

 vessels in their spring-wood, and the vessels in the autumn-wood 

 in wavy peripheral lines. French " Orme." Germ. "Ulm" or 

 " Riister." Ital " Ulmo." 



Elm, American, Water or White (Ulmus Americana L.). 

 French "Orme parasol." Alluvial ground in Eastern North 

 America. Height 100 ft. or more; diam. 6 7 ft. S.G. 650. 

 W 40-5. R 852 kilos. Sapwood yellowish-white; heart light- 



