EBONY ELM. 199 



brown, heavy, strong, tough, compact, but not durable ; pores in 

 spring-wood conspicuously large and almost entirely in a single 

 row. Valuable for tool-handles, agricultural implements, wheel- 

 hubs, cooperage, etc., and for fuel. 



Elm, Canadian, Cliff, Cork, Hickory, Rock or White 

 ( U. racemosa Thomas). French " Orme a grappe." Germ. " Trauben 

 Ulme, Felsen Ulme." Canada and Eastern United States. 

 Height 80150 ft. ; diam. 23 ft. S.G. 726765. W 45-2647. 



Fio. 52. Transverse section of Common Elm (Ulmus campestris). 



R 1066 kilos, c 9182. c' 1-213. v' 1-191. e' 1'39. / 1-14. Sapwood 

 greenish, not durable ; pores in spring-wood small, those in 

 summer-wood in fine rather distant lines ; heavy, hard, compact, 

 very strong, tough and elastic. Logs 2040 ft. long and 11 16 

 in. square, liable to split in drying, and, therefore, preferably kept 

 immersed; very durable under water. A valuable, but very 

 slow-growing timber, making on an average only one inch of 

 diameter in fourteen years. Largely used for the same purposes 



