ELM-ENG. 201 



Elms, and is, therefore, much used for fence-rails, whilst its 

 toughness and flexibility when steamed fit it for the ribs of boats. 



Elm, Scotch, Wych, or Mountain (U. montdna Sm.). Also 

 known as " Chair-elm " and formerly as " Wych-hazel." Germ. 

 " Bergriister." Height 80120 ft.; diam. up to 16 ft. In 

 Britain most abundant north of the Trent. Wood lighter- 

 coloured, softer, straighter-grained, and, therefore, more easily 

 split than English Elm. Pores in the summer wood in complete 

 bands. Used for the backs of Windsor chairs, shafts, and other 

 purposes to which Ash is applied, and for boat-building. 



Elm, Spanish. See Cypre, Bois de. 



Elm, Spreading (U. effusa Willd.). Germ. "Flatterriister." 

 Sapwood broad, yellowish ; heart light-brown ; vessels in spring 

 wood in a single line, those in the summer wood in broad con- 

 tinuous wavy bands ; less strong than the other species ; but 

 valued on the Continent on account of its markings for turnery, 

 cabinet-work, gun-stocks, etc. 



Elm, Winged, or Cork- winged (U. aldta Michx.). Aborig. 

 " Wahoo." South-east United States. Small, heavier and more 

 compact than U. americdna, fine-grained ; pores in spring wood 

 small, in a single row, those in summer wood in broad, slightly 

 wavy bands. 



In Australia the name " Elm " is applied to Duboisia 

 myoporoides [See Cork-wood] and to AphanatM phillippinJnsis 

 Planch. (Order Urticece), known also as " Tulip-wood," 

 and by the aborigines as " Mail," a tree introduced in the 

 north-east, 80 90 ft. high and 1 1J ft. in diam., yielding a 

 light-coloured, close-grained wood, used for internal work in 

 building. 



Els, Klip or Rock Ash (Rhus Thunbdrgii Hook. : Order 

 Anacardidcece). Cape Colony. Hard, heavy, close-grained, and 

 tough. Suitable for musical instruments or carving. 



Els, Rood. See Cedar, Red. 



Eng (Dipterocdrpus tuberculdtus Koxb. : Order Dipterocarpdcece). 

 Burma. Barm. " Eng." A large tree, 60 ft. in height and 3 ft. in 

 diam. W 55. Keddish, hard. Used for house-posts, canoes, 



