WATER-GUMHAWTHORN. 213 



Hackberry (Ctltis occidentdlis L. : Order Ulmdcece). Eastern 

 North America. " Sugarberry, Nettle-tree, False Elm." French 

 "Micocoulier occidentale," Germ. "Abendlandischer Ziirgelbaum/' 

 Span. "Almez Americano." Height 100 fr.; diam. 45 ft. 

 S.G. 729. W 45-4. R 789 kilos. Sapwood yellowish or greenish; 

 heart brown, often dark, rather heavy, not hard or strong, tough, 

 fine-grained, working well, shrinking moderately, and taking a 

 good satiny polish. Sometimes used for fencing, furniture, or 

 wheelwrights' work, as a substitute for Elm ; but scarce. 



Hackmatack. See Tamarack. 



Haldu (Adina cwdifolia Hook. fil. and Thorn. = Naiiclea cordi- 

 fdlia Roxb. : Order Rubidcece). India, Ceylon, Burma. Hind. 

 "Haldu." Tamil " Manja Kadamba." Burm. "H'nau." Height 

 75 80 ft.; diam. 2 3 ft. Pretty, yellow, light, close-grained, 

 resembling Box, but soft, easily worked, not strong, much affected 

 by weather, but durable if kept dry, cracking and warping, but 

 polishing well. Used for masts, interior work in house-building, 

 turnery, modelling, combs, etc. 



Hannoki (Alnus maritima Nutt. : Order Betuldcece). Japan. 

 Height 40 ft. ; diam. 1 ft. Used for gunpowder-charcoal. 



Harra (Termindlia Chebula Retz : Order Combretdcece). India, 

 Ceylon, Burma. "Pilla murda wood." Hind. "Harra." Sansk. 

 "Haritaka." Tamil " Pilla marda." Height 4580 ft.; diam. 

 H 4 ft. S.G. 682. W 42 53. Brownish-grey, with a greenish, 

 3 r ellowish, or reddish tinge, darkening externally on seasoning, 

 hard, strong, smooth and close-grained, taking a good polish and 

 seasoning well, but subject to dry rot and to the attacks of 

 termites and carpenter-bees. Used for beams and other house- 

 building purposes, agricultural implements, etc. Its fruits, 

 Chebulic or Black Myrobalans, are largely exported for dyeing. 



Hawthorn (Cmtcegus Oxyacdntha L. : Order Rosacece). " White- 

 thorn," " May." Europe, North and West Asia, and North 

 Africa. Height 10 20 ft.; diam. seldom large. Flesh-coloured, 

 with numerous pith-flecks, hard, heavy, difficult to split, with- 

 out lustre ; vessels small, those in spring-wood not numerous ; 

 pith-rays indistinguishable. Used in turnery and for walking- 



