HAWTHORN- HICKORY. 215 



and straight-grained ; the pith large, pith-rays numerous but 

 hardly discernible ; with numerous fine peripheral lines of wood- 

 parenchyma ; the pore-circle narrow but with large pores, whilst 

 the vessels in the autumn wood are small and scattered. The 

 wood seasons slowly, shrinking and warping considerably ; unlike 

 Walnut, is very subject to the attacks of boring insects ; and is not 

 durable if exposed. It is, consequently, never used in house or 

 shipbuilding; but is specially valued for carriage-building, axles, 

 the handles of implements, screws such as those of bookbinders' 

 presses, bows, chair-making, coach-whips, gunstocks, hoops, fuel 

 and charcoal. It is harder, heavier and tougher than Ash. In 

 Australia the name has been applied to many species of Acacia 

 and other genera, to which reference will be made after the 

 description of the true Hickories. 



Hickory Black, a name applied equally to H. alba [See 

 Hickory, Mocker-nut] and to H. gldbra [See Hickory 

 Pig-nut]. 



Hickory Big bud. See Hickory, Mocker-nut. 



Hickory, Bitternut (H. minima Britton = Cdrya amdra Nutt). 

 Eastern United States. " Swamp Hickory." French " Noyer 

 amer." Height 7080 or 100 ft.; diam. 23 ft. S.G. 755. 

 W 47. R 11 01 kilos. Less valuable than Shell-bark Hickory; 

 but used for ox-yokes, hoops and fuel. 



Hickory, Brown. See Hickory, Pig nut. 



Hickory, Mocker nut (H. alba Britton = Cdryatomentosa Nutt.). 

 Chiefly in the Southern United States. "Black, Big-bud" or 

 "White-heart Hickory." Height 90ft. or more; diam. 3ft. or 

 more. Heart-wood in young trees white, slow-growing, durable, 

 except when attacked by borers. 



Hickory, Pecan (H. Pecan Britton = Cdrya olivcefdrmis Nutt.). 

 South-central United States. " Illinois Nut." Height 75 ft. or 

 more; diarn. 2 ft. or more. Brittle, not strong. Inferior to 

 Shell-bark Hickory, and chiefly used for fuel. 



Hickory, Pig-nut (H. gldbra Britton = Cdrya gldbra and C. 

 pvrcina Nutt.). Eastern North America. "Brown Hickory." 

 French "Noyer de cochon." Germ. " Ferkelnusz." Height 



