260 WOODS OF COMMERCE. 



80 ft.; diara. 34 ft. S.G. 860. W 53-6. R 1238 kilos. 

 Sapwood brownish white ; heart rich brown ; rings of moderate 

 width ; pores in 1 2 rows ; heavy, hard, strong durable in 

 contact with soil. Valued for rail way -ties, cooperage, furniture, 

 fencing and fuel. 



Oak, Cow. See Oak, Basket. 



Oak, Duck. See Oak, Water. 



Oak, Iron. See Oak, Post. 



Oak, Live (Q. virens Ait.). Southern States. French "Chene 

 vert." Germ. " Lebenseiche, Immergriine Eiche." Height 60 ft. 

 or more ; diam. 5 ft. or more. Sapwood light-brown ; heart 

 dark brown ; rings of moderate width ; pores very few and 

 small ; pith-rays distinct and bright ; very heavy, compact, 

 hard, tough, strong, fine but somewhat twisted in grain and 

 consequently very difficult to work, durable. Seldom yielding 

 large straight timber, but with many crooked pieces, it was 

 formerly much used for knees in shipbuilding. It is, perhaps, 

 stronger than any known Oak, and is now used by wheelwrights, 

 millwrights and toolmakers. 



Oak, California Live (Q. clirysoUpis Liehm.). Pacific 

 States at altitudes of 30008000 ft. Known also as "Thick- 

 cup Live Oak, Maul Oak," and "Valparaiso Oak." Height 

 80 ft. or more ; diam. 5 ft. or more. Very heavy, hard, tough, 

 very strong. Considerably used in waggon-building and for 

 agricultural implements. 



Oak, Mossy-cup. See Oak, Burr. 



Oak, Peach. See Oak, Tan-bark and Oak, Willow. 



Oak, Pin (Q. palustris Du Roi.). South-central States. 

 Known also as "Swamp Spanish" and "Water Oak." French 

 "Chene marecageaux." Germ. "Sumpf Eiche." No distinct 

 heart ; rings wide, very wavy ; pores very numerous, forming 

 a wide zone ; light brown. 



Oak, Possum. See Oak, Water. 



Oak, Post (Q. oUusiUba Michaux). Eastern and Southern 

 States. Known also as "Iron Oak." French "Chene poteau." 

 Germ. " Pfahl Eiche, Posteiche, Eiseneiche." Height 60 ft. or 



