OAKS. 263 



the southern states to Q. Durdndii Buckley, and in the west to 

 Q. garrydna Dougl. 



Oak, Swamp White (Q. bicol&r Willd.). Eastern Canada and 

 United States. French "Chene de marais." Germ. " Sumpf 

 Weisseiche, Zweifarbige Eiche." Height 75 100 ft. ; diam. 5 

 ft. S.G. 766. W 47-75. K. 909 kilos. Sapwood whitish; 

 heart defined, pinkish brown, heavy, hard, tough and strong, 

 resembling Q. aqudtica but with more defined heart and wide 

 rings and pith-rays. Classed in trade as " White Oak " ; but 

 appearing inferior. 



Oak, Weeping or Western (Q. lobdta N6e). California. 

 Germ. "Westliche Weisseiche." The largest-growing species on 

 the Pacific coast. Classed as " White Oak." 



Oak, Willow (Q. PMlos L.). Eastern States. Known also 

 as "Peach Oak." Heavy, hard, very elastic, but small. 



Oak, Yellow (Q. tinctdria Bartram). Eastern United States. 

 Known also as "Black" or "Quercitron Oak." French "Chene 

 jaune." Germ. "Farber Eiche." Height 80 ft. or more; diam. 

 3 ft. or more. Sapwood white ; heart reddish-brown, heavy, 

 hard, coarse-grained, porous, strong, but not tough ; rings narrow, 

 wavy : pith-rays numerous ; pores in spring wood in 3 5 rows. 

 Valued for its bark and used as a substitute for White Oak in 

 building, cooperage, etc., and for fuel. [See also Oak, 

 Chinquapin.] 



In the Himalayas there is a considerable variety of species of 

 Oak, most of which are evergreen. The wood of these species is 

 often hard, durable and valuable, resembling English Oak, but 

 not having distinct annual rings, these being replaced by partial 

 zones of wood-parenchyma or " false rings." Among them are : 



Oak, Brown (Q. semecarpifdlia Sm.). Afghanistan to Bhotan, 

 at altitudes of 800010,000 ft. Wood large, reddish-grey, very 

 hard. Used for all kinds of building and for charcoal. 



Oak, Green (Q. dilatdta Lindl.). Afghanistan and the North- 

 west. Wood large, hard, seasoning well without warping, durable. 

 Used for building. The name is also applied to Q. glauca Thunb., 

 which grows from Kashmir to Bhotan and in Japan, and yields 



