264 WOODS OF COMMERCE. 



a brownish-grey, very hard wood, used in house and bridge- 

 building. 



Oak, Grey (Q. incdna Koxb.). From the Indus to Nepal, at 

 altitudes of 80003000 ft. Known also as " Himalayan Ilex " 

 or "Ban," and in Kumaon as "Munroo." Heartwood reddish- 

 brown, very hard, but warping and splitting considerably in 

 building. Used in building. 



Oak, Holm (Q. Ilex L.), the same species that occurs in 

 Southern Europe, occurs also in the North-west. 



Oak, Ring-cupped (Q. annuldta Sm.). Sikkim, up to alti- 

 tudes of 10,000 ft. A well-marked, handsome, but not durable 

 wood. 



Q. fenestrdta Roxb., of the Eastern Himalaya, from Sylhet to 

 Burmah, and of the Khasia Hills, growing down to 50 ft. above 

 the sea, yields a red, very hard, good and durable heartwood, 

 somewhat inferior to English Oak. 



Q. Gri/ithii Hook. fil. and Thorn., of Bhotan, Sikkim and the 

 Khasia Hills, yields a brown, very hard, strong wood, much 

 resembling English Oak, used in building. 



Q. lamelUsa Sm., occurring from Nepal to Bhotan, has a grey- 

 brown wood with a beautiful silver grain, used in building, but 

 not very durable if exposed. 



Q. lancecefdlia Roxb., of the Garrow Hills arid Assam, yields a 

 light-coloured wood, resembling English Oak, but harder and 

 very durable. 



Q. lappdcea Roxb., of the Khasia Hills, has a strong wood, 

 resembling English Oak, but hard and more close-grained. 



Q. pachyphylla Kurz, of the Eastern part of the range, at 

 altitudes of 800010,000 ft., yields a greyish, very durable, 

 damp-resisting timber, used for fencing, shingles and planks. 



Q. serrdta Thunb., which ranges from the Himalaya into China 

 and Japan, yields a brown, very hard, building wood, resembling 

 that of Q. Griffithii. 



Q. spicdta Sm., the range of which extends from the Himalayas 

 to Malacca and the Sunda islands, yields a reddish, very hard and 

 durable wood, used in- India for building. 



