OAKS. 265 



In Southern Japan several species of evergreen Oak occur, 

 including Q. aciita Thunb., " Aka-gashi," with a dark red-brown, 

 very hard and heavy heartwood, used in waggon-building; the 

 lighter-coloured Q. giha BL " Ichii-gashi " ; and the greyish-white 

 Q. vibrayedna Tr. and Tav., " Shira-gashi," and Q. myrsincefolia 

 Bl., "Urajiro-gashi," used in ship-building and waggon-building. 

 In Northern Japan occurs Q. grosserdta BL, " O-nara," the wood 

 of which is employed for building and furniture. 



In Australia, where there are no true Oaks, many very diverse 

 species are so named : but the name is chiefly applied to species 

 of Casuarina (Order Casuarince), from a fancied resemblance in 

 the colour and broad pith-rays of their wood to that of true Oak. 

 These woods have been known in English trade as "Botany 

 Oak " and used in veneer and inlaying. 



Oak, Bull (Casuarina glaum Sieb.). Also known as " Swamp- 

 oak, Desert" or "River She-oak." Aboiig. "Billa." Height 

 40 50 ft. ; diam. 1 2 ft. Red with small darker veins, some- 

 what resembling Quercus Ilex, the Holm Oak, close-grained, strong. 

 Used for staves, shingles and fence-rails, but not suited for 

 posts. The name is also applied to C. equisetifolia. [See Oak, 

 Swamp.] 



Oak, Forest (C. toruUsa Ait.). North-east Australia. Known 

 also as "Beef-wood," "River" and "Mountain Oak." Height 

 6080 ft. ; diam. 1 J 2 ft. W 64. Heart well denned, prettily 

 marked, close-grained. Much used for shingles and fuel, and 

 also used for furniture, either solid or in veneer. The name is 

 also applied to C. equisetifttia [See Oak, Swamp] and to C. 

 suberdsa [See Oak, Erect She.] 



Oak, River, a name applied to Callutemon saligmis [See 

 Bottle-brush, White], Casuarina Cunninghamidna [See Oak, 

 Scrub She], C. disiyla [See Oak, Stunted She], C. stricta [See 

 Oak, Shingle], and C. toruUsa [See Oak, Forest]. 



Oak, She, a usefully distinctive name for the five following 

 species of Casuarina, viz. : C. stricta [See Oak, Shingle], 

 C. glauca [See Oak, Bull], C. suberfaa, Cunninghamidna and 

 distyla. 



