276 WOODS OF COMMERCE. 



and when once well seasoned, is not subject to the attacks of 

 boring insects. It is not, therefore, to be wondered at that Pine 

 has become by far the most extensively used of all woods. The 

 straight-growing, tapering stem fits it for masts and spars: its 

 strength and lightness recommend it for ships' timbers, planking, 

 bridges, and carriage-building, its durability for sleepers, its 

 resinous character for torches or fuel, the refuse yielding charcoal 

 and lamp-black, and its cheapness for street-paving, general 

 carpentry, common furniture and boxes and paper-pulp. 



Pine, Adventure Bay. See Pine, Celery-topped. 



Pine, Aleppo (P. halepdnsis Mill.) Mediterranean region ; in- 

 troduced in Australia. Height 50 80ft.; diam. 2 3ft. Yellowish- 

 white, fine-grained. Valued locally for telegraph poles, turnery, 

 joinery, or fuel, and as a source of turpentine. 



Pine, Austrian (Plnus austrfaca Hoss.). Lower Austria and 

 the north of the Baltic peninsula. Known also as "Black 

 Austrian Pine." Germ. " Schwarzkiefer." French " Pin noir 

 d'Autriche." Height 80120 ft., relatively slender. Wood very 

 similar to that of the Northern Pine (P. sylvestris) but, when 

 grown in poor soil, apt to be knotty. Suitable for fencing or 

 fuel. 



Pine, Bastard. See Pine, Cuban. 



Pine, Bhotan (P. exdlsa Wall.). At altitudes of 6000 to 

 12000 ft., from Bhotan to the Kuram pass in Afghanistan. Also 

 known as " Himalayan Pine." French " Pin pleureur." Germ. 

 "Thranen Kiefer." Chinese "Tong-schi." Height 50150 ft.; 

 diam. 2 3 ft. Ked, compact, close-grained, very resinous, durable. 

 Used for torches ; but the most valuable wood of its district for 

 building or engineering work and second only in durability to the 

 Deodar. 



Pine, Big-cone (P* Coulteri Don). Coast-range of California. 

 Reported to be of small value as timber. 



Pine, Bishops'. See Pine, Obispo. 



Pine, Black, in North America (P. Jdffreyi Balf.). California 

 and Oregon, above 6000 ft. Known also as " Bull Pine." Height 

 100 ft. or more, up to 300 ft. ; diam. 4 ft. or more, up to 10 or 



