284 WOODS OF COMMERCE. 



Pine, Mountain (P. montdna Mill., including P. Pumilio 

 Haenke, of Thuringia and the Carpathians, P. Mughus Wild, of 

 the Tyrol, and P. uncindta Earn, of the Pyrenees). Central and 

 Southern Europe, at altitudes of 5008000 ft. French "Pin 

 nain." Germ. "Bergkiefer, Krummholzkiefer, Zwergkiefer." 

 Resembling the Northern Pine (P. sylve'stris), but small, often 

 eccentric in growth, narrow-ringed, harder and heavier. 



Pine, Murray and Pine, Murrumbidgee. See Cypress 

 Pine. 



Pine, New York. See Pine, Short-leaf. 



Pine, Norfolk Island (Amucdria excelsa R. Br.). Germ. 

 "Norfolktanne." Height 150200 ft. ; diam. 57 ft., yielding 

 excellent timber, but now scarce. 



Pine, Northern (P. syMstris L.). Europe and Northern 

 Asia, up to 700 ft. above sea-level in northern Norway and 6500 

 ft. on the Sierra Nevada of southern Spain. Known in Scotland 

 as the "Scots," in England as the "Scotch Fir," and in the 

 timber trade by various names according to its origin, such as 

 White Sea, Baltic, St. Petersburg, Riga, Memel, Dantzic, Gefle, 

 Soderhamn, Eliasberg, Saldowitz, Swedish or Norway Fir, Red- 

 wood, "Red "or " Yellow Deal." French " Pin sauvage." Germ. 

 " Gemeine Kiefer, Fohre," or " Weissfohre." Dutch " Pynboom." 

 Danish "Fyrre." Euss. "Sosna." Height 80 100 ft.; diam. 

 24 ft. S.G. 774478. W 3447. e' 1-31-69. p' 

 741-087. ft 2-55-5. c 40513231. c' -535 -427. v' 

 -93 -618. The characters and quality of the wood vary much 

 according to climate and soil. Conversely to what is the case 

 with Oaks, the more slowly-grown Pines of high latitudes or 

 mountains, having narrower annual rings with a proportionally 

 smaller amount of springwood, are heavier, denser and stronger 

 than those of the south or of plains or from rich soils. English- 

 grown Pine is thick-baited, carrying a great amount often four 

 inches of sapwood, and is generally only used locally, not being 

 nearly as durable as Larch. Scotch-grown wood is of better 

 quality and is imported into the north of England, chiefly as mine 

 timber. The pine from Prussia and central Russia is large, 



