PINE. '287 



.and resulted in the great consumption of Baltic, White Sea and 

 Canadian pine during the 19th century. Dantzic Fir, floated in 

 rafts down the Vistula to that port, comes into the market in 

 lengths from 18 50 ft., squaring from 11 20 in., in deals 2 5 

 in. thick, and as irregularly-grown logs for sleepers. The longest 

 and straighest logs most free from knots are selected at Dantzic 

 as " inch-masts," " hand-masts " and " spars " or " poles " " inch- 

 masts " being over 6 ft. in circumference and dressed octagonally 

 or square; "hand-masts," from 2 6 ft. round, their length 

 being measured in hands; and "spars" or "poles," less than 

 2 ft. round. This wood is valued for deck-planking, beams, 

 joists, scaffolding, railway-work, etc. Its average specific gravity 

 is given by Mr. Laslett as 582, and it is described by him as 

 light, moderately hard, even and straight in grain, tough, elastic 

 and easily worked. Riga Fir, with fewer knots but a slight 

 tendency to heart-shake which makes it more wasteful in con- 

 version into plank, averages about 541 in specific gravity, and so 

 is on the whole inferior to Dantzic. Swedish Fir is yellowish- 

 white, liable to heart, star and cup-shakes, and does not exceed 

 35 ft. in length, or 16 in. square. It furnishes cheap building 

 material, deals for rough carpentry and much wood for matches 

 and firewood. Norway Fir comes over in cheap prepared flooring 

 and matchboarding, and as firewood. 



Pine, Norway. See Pine, Canadian Red. 



Pine, Nut (P. Sabinidna Dougl.). California, up to 4000 ft. 

 Known also as " Digger " or " Bull Pine." Germ. " Nusskiefer, 

 Weisskiefer." Height 40 50 or 80 ft. ; diam. 14 ft. Light, 

 very soft, resinous, cross-grained, not durable. Valuable only as 

 fuel. 



Pine, Obispo (P. muricdta Don.). Californian coast. Known 

 also, by a corruption, as "Bishop's Pine" and as "Prickle-coned 

 Pine." Germ. "Bischofs Kiefer." Height 2550 ft.; diam. 

 1 2 ft. Light, resinous, coarse-grained. Used almost exclu- 

 sively for fuel, except in the north, where it is employed in rough 

 carpentry. 



Pine, Old Field. See Pine, Loblolly and Short-leaf 



