288 WOODS OF COMMERCE. 



Pine, Oregon (Pseudotstiga Dougldsii Carr.). Western North 

 America from lat. 55 N. southward to lat. 23J N., up to 11,000 

 ft. Known also from its discoverer as "Douglas Fir" or "Douglas 

 Spruce," or as " Yellow ; ' or "Red Fir." French "Sapin de 

 Douglas." Germ. " Douglas-Tan ne, Douglas-Fichte." Height 

 100300 ft.; diam. 46 or 12 ft. S.G. 605. Though more 

 nearly allied to the Firs and Spruces, resembling Larch or hard 

 Pine in the general appearance, quality and character of its wood. 

 Sapwood narrow, yellowish, heart variable, usually reddish-white, 

 heavy, hard, strong, coarse-grained, with well-defined summer 

 wood, but sometimes yellowish, lighter and finer in grain ; close, 

 straight arid regular in grain, with few knots scattered as in 

 Larch, firm, tough, elastic, not in the least liable to warp, more 

 nearly resembling Canadian Red Pine (P. resindsa) than any other- 

 wood, rapid in growth, averaging 2 ft. in diameter at 100 years 

 of age, very durable ; annual rings well defined ; resin-ducts small, 

 often in groups of 8 30 ; pith-rays with tracheids with bordered 

 pits as upper and under rows and parenchyma with simple pits in 

 the centre ; tracheids in the xylem with a spiral thickening, which 

 distinguishes it from all allied wood. Coming to market in clean, 

 straight spars 40110 ft. in length and 932 in. in diameter, this 

 timber is excellent for lower masts, yards, bowsprits, etc., though 

 less adapted for top-masts, where there is much friction, than Riga, 

 Dantzic, or Kauri timber. Used in its native country also for 

 house building, engineering work and fuel, its freedom from fungoid 

 disease and durability even when grown rapidly in Scotland suggest 

 that Douglas Fir may well supersede Larch for sleepers, etc. It is 

 25 per cent, cheaper than Archangel wood of the same quality. 



Pine, Oyster-bay. See Cypress Pine. 



Pine, Pitch (P. rigida Miller). Ontario and New Brunswick 

 to Florida. Height 4080 ft. ; diam. 23 ft. S.G. 515. W 32. 

 R 739 kilos. Small, coarse-grained, resinous, knotty, light, soft, 

 brittle. Used chiefly for fuel, for which it is unsurpassed in the 

 North, and for charcoal ; but formerly much used in New England 

 for building The name in foreign trade belongs to the Long-leaf 

 Pine (P. paliistris). 



