PLUM-POPLAR. 297 



"Poons-pars." (iv) Dillenia pentagyna Roxb. (Order Dillenidcece), a 

 native of India and Burma, in no way related to the species just 

 mentioned, Telugu " Ravudana," seems also to be a source of these 

 spars. It is a large tree sometimes 20 ft. to its lowest branch and 

 2 ft. in diam. W 69. Reddish-grey, heavy, very hard, strong, and 

 durable in contact with the soil. Used for rice-mills, canoes, 

 deck planks and house-building and yielding a good charcoal. 



Poplar, a name applied, with few exceptions, to the woods of 

 species of Pdpulus (Order Saliclnece), which are known in the 

 United States, from their hairy seeds, as "Cotton woods." French 

 "Peuplier." Germ. "Pappel." Span. "Alamo." Like those of 

 their allies the Willows, these woods are white or pale grey, 

 yellowish, or brown, very soft, and light, with neither pith-rays 

 nor vessels distinctly visible. They are used mainly for paper- 

 pulp and cellulose ; but to some extent for packing cases, blind- 

 wood, sabots and other purposes, especially in France, at Ivry 

 and elsewhere. 



Poplar, Aspen. See Aspen. 



Poplar, Balm of Gilead or Balsam (Pdpulus balsamifera L.). 

 North America. Known also as "Tacamahac." Height 70 

 80 ft. ; diam. 5 7 ft. S.G. 363. W 22-6. R 550 kilos. Sapwood 

 wide, nearly white ; heart light reddish-brown, not strong or 

 durable. Used only for paper-pulp, for which it is excellent; 

 but as suitable for wooden-ware, etc., as other species. 



Poplar, Black (P. nigra L.). Europe and Northern Asia. 

 Height 5060 ft. ; diam. 12 ft. W 60-5 when green, 29 when 

 dry. Sapwood wide, nearly white; heart light reddish-brown, 

 shrinking more than one-sixth of its bulk in drying, not strong 

 or durable. From its non-liability to splinter useful for the 

 bottoms of waggons, sabots, clogs and turnery, and used also for 

 carving and for charcoal. 



Poplar, Black Italian (P. monilifera Ait.). Eastern United 

 States, but now common in Italy, Switzerland and other parts of 

 Europe. Known also as " Carolina" or " Necklace Poplar," " Big 

 Cottonwood" or " White wood," or, in Europe, as "Swiss Poplar." 

 Germ. " Wollpappel, Rosenkranz-Pappel." Height 150200 ft. ; 



