1 66 Hillside. 



Very closely related to this form of intelligence is that 

 by means of which domesticated animals learn to do that 

 which we require of them. By carefully selecting dogs with 

 certain peculiarities and habits, and breeding exclusively 

 from such of their descendants as show an intensification of 

 such peculiarities, it has been possible, after the lapse of a 

 considerable number of generations, to produce a number of 

 separate breeds, such as pointers, retrievers, fox-hounds, 

 grey-hounds and others, which are remarkable for the facility 

 with which they learn to do special kinds of work. That 

 the faculty is inherited is certain, for well-bred dogs will 

 do their special work with scarcely any need of teaching. 

 Thus far it is perhaps instinctive, but a very little tuition 

 and practice converts it into intelligence of no mean order. 



But to return to ants. In no wa}', perhaps, does their 

 intelligence become so evident as in the way they keep 

 slaves, and obtain food from the aphides they maintain in 

 close proximity to their nests. It is very interesting to 

 observe the manner in which they set about capturing 

 slaves. 



There is a rather large red ant, Formica sanguinea, which 

 is not uncommon in Kent, Surrey and other parts of the 

 south of England. If during the summer one of the nests of 

 this species be opened, a number of small black ants will be 

 found in it, as well as the larger red ones. These small ants 

 are called Formica fusca. As soon as the nest is disturbed 

 both kinds of ants run out to defend the home, but when 

 they perceive this to be hopeless, and that the pupae are 

 being disturbed, they unite in efforts to carry them off to a 

 place of safety. The little black ants are scarcely ever 

 allowed to leave the nest, the red ants doing the work of 



