178 INFLUENCE OF FOOD PRESERVATIVES ON HEALTH. 



the average quantity of urine excreted is 854 cc, containing 62.78 

 grams of total solids, of which 7.65 grams are common salt. During 

 the after period the average volume of urine excreted is 854 cc. , con- 

 taining 60.21 grams of total solids, of which 7.66 grams are common 

 salt. 



No preservative was administered to No. 6 after June 11 on account 

 of illness. 



In this series of experiments No. 5 received borax and Nos. 1 and 3 

 boric acid. Combining the three expressions into one, we find that 

 the average daily volume of urine excreted during the fore period by 

 Nos. 1, 3, and 5 is 832 cc, containing 58.52 grams of total solids, of 

 which 6.2 grams are common salt. During the preservative period 

 the average quantity of urine excreted is 831 cc, containing 58.41 

 grams of total solids, of which 7.3 grams are common salt. During 

 the after period the total amount of urine excreted is 845 cc, contain- 

 ing 58.8 grams of total solids, of which 7.53 grams are common salt. 



It appears from the above general averages that the administration 

 of the small quantities of the preservative during this long period had 

 scarcely any influence whatever upon the composition of the urine. 

 The volume remained reasonably constant during the entire time, the 

 percentage of total solids was almost invariable, and there were but 

 slight changes in the amount of common salt eliminated. Apparently 

 the preservative had a slight effect in increasing the amount of com- 

 mon salt excreted, since only 6.2 grams were obtained in the fore 

 period, while about 1 gram more was secured during the preservative 

 period, and about 1.3 grams more during the after period. It is evi- 

 dent, however, from the above data that the administration of the 

 small quantities of the preservative as practiced did not tend either to 

 increase the volume of urine or in any notable way to change its 

 constitution. 



In regard to the smaller volume of urine during the fifth series, it 

 must be borne in mind that the temperature in other words, the sea- 

 son of the year has a marked influence on excretion. With one or 

 two exceptions, the same men were represented in the three series, 

 1, III, and V. In Series I and Series III, however, the observations 

 were conducted during the winter, while in Series V they were made 

 during the spring, with increasing warm weather. The total volume 

 of urine secreted, as is seen, is much larger during the winter months 

 than during the summer months, by reason of the fact that a much 

 larger proportion of the water in the body passes off through the 

 pores of the skin during the warm weather. This difference is more 

 strikingly brought out by a direct comparison of the average amount 

 secreted by Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 6, who completed Series I, III, and V. 



