142 Instinct and Intelligence 



like apes show a considerable amount of intelli- 

 gence and capacity for education, although their 

 behaviour as a whole is markedly governed by 

 their hereditary instinctive centres. There can 

 be no doubt that between the type of brain 

 possessed by apes and human beings there are 

 missing links, which might possibly have been 

 filled in to some extent, if we possessed the 

 skull of a Dryopithecus as well as the animal's 

 lower jaw. 1 One of these missing links is, how- 

 ever, supplied by the skull, and some of the 

 bones of an ape-like human being (the Pithe- 

 canthrop^ls erectus] discovered by Dr. Dubois in 

 Java in a Tertiary geological stratum. These 

 bones were found close to one another in the 

 same geological formation, and were all in a 

 similar condition of fossilisation, and therefore 

 in all probability were part of one skeleton. Dr. 

 Dubois brought these bones to Europe and sub- 

 mitted them for examination to our leading 

 anatomists. After much controversy it is now 

 generally admitted that they are part of an ape- 



1 The Dryopithecus of Lartet, which was closely allied to 

 the anthropomorphous Hylobates, existed in Europe during the 

 Upper Niocene period ; it was nearly as large as a man. The 

 Descent of Man, by C. Darwin, Vol. I., p. 199, First Edition, 1871. 



