482 APPENDIX III 



including : Buccinum cyaneum, B. ciliatum, B. gouldi, B. donovani, 

 and B. tottenii, dredged in from five to thirty fathoms, and asso- 

 ciated with Chrysodomus despedus, Tritonofusus kroyeri, variety 

 cretaceus, and Tritonofusus spitzbergensis Reeve (Sipho lividus 

 Morch). To these Mr. Bryant has added the true Tritonofusus 

 islandicus and the large brown Beringius largillierti with its big 

 protoconch. Trophon dathratus is a slender, waxy, white shell, 

 with about twelve thin, elevated, longitudinal ribs, while between 

 the ribs are numerous slight spiral lines. 'In almost every dredge, 

 we find the little hairy-keeled shell, Trichotropis borealis, and 

 equally common the small, cancellated Admete couthouyi, belong- 

 ing to the family CancellariidaB. Another conspicuous group of 

 shells, which may appropriately be called the little " tower-shells," 

 is represented by three species, Turritella erosa, T. reticulata, 

 and Turritellopsis acicula. Professor Packard records a dozen 

 species of Bela, little high-spired shells, the most northern repre- 

 sentatives of the family Pleurotomidae. The little pearly Marga- 

 ritas are quite common in some localities ; Margarita groenlandica, 

 M. tinerea, M. argentata, and M. helicina are the principal species. 

 The sea-snails are represented by three species. Natica dausa is 

 found in almost every haul of the dredge. It is readily distin- 

 guished from the others by having a calcareous opercula, and the 

 umbilicus entirely covered by a callus. Lunatia heros is recorded 

 from the Strait of Belle Isle, and L. groenlandica from fifteen fath- 

 oms in Chateau Bay. A large and interesting shell is the Aporrhais 

 occidentalis, allied to the "pelican's foot" (Aporrhais pes-pelicani) 

 of Europe, but having the lip entire and not lobed as in that 

 species. It was dredged in numbers, at Gready and Egg harbours, 

 in seven to twenty fathoms. Three species of limpets are also re- 

 corded, Acmoea testudinalis, A. rubella, and Lepta cceca, the latter 

 being the most plentiful. 



A remnant of the littoral fauna, of more southern regions, exists 

 in the presence of a few species of the family Litorinidse. The 

 'periwinkle," Littorina litorea, is reported by Stearns as rare; 

 L. palliata is recorded from the Strait of Belle Isle, while L. rudis 

 is not uncommon along the whole coast. Living in the crevices 

 of the damp, spray-covered rocks, above the direct effects of the 

 ice, they are able to withstand the Arctic conditions. 



Shells are frequently covered with a light pink or reddish col- 

 oured, stony alga? (Lithothamnion polymorphuni) , frequently 

 referred to as <; Nullipores." Clinging to the rocks and shells 

 covered with this reddish growth, we find the little red chitons, Tra- 

 chydermon rubrum and Tonicella marmorea, so closely resembling it 

 in colour as to almost escape detection. This was especially notice- 

 able in the collection made by Mr. Bryant at Gready Harbour, in 



