104 HISTORY OF THE EUROPEAN FAUNA. 



tribution of animals in the Dublin Museum, the 

 British species have been grouped into three divisions. 

 One contains those with a wide range over the British 

 Islands, another the characteristic forms of the south- 

 east and lowland districts of Great Britain, and the 

 third the Irish and the western and highland Anglo- 

 Scotian species. Mr. Carpenter has named the last 

 two divisions the "Teutonic" and the "Celtic" More 

 recently, he has recognised that this last division 

 contains two distinct groups ; one including animals 

 of northern, the other those of southern origin. 

 He acknowledges indeed, just as I do, three distinct 

 faunas in the British Islands, with the addition of 

 the group of generally distributed species of un- 

 determined origin. 



Many other naturalists have worked in the direc- 

 tion I have indicated namely, in grouping the 

 British animals into several distinct assemblages, 

 without, however, taking their foreign range into 

 consideration, or their origin. I have already referred 

 to the useful work done by botanists, who have been 

 the pioneers in the science of the geographical dis- 

 tribution of living organisms. Among the British 

 naturalists who have applied the principles of Watson 

 to zoology, A. G. More deserves to be specially men- 

 tioned. He was the first to make a serious study of 

 the British fauna on the lines laid down by that dis- 

 tinguished botanist. In conjunction with E. Boyd, 

 he published a valuable essay on the " Distribution of 

 Butterflies in Great Britain," and later on the birds 



