1/6 HISTORY OF THE EUROPEAN FAUNA. 



the Forest-Bed on the coast of Norfolk was laid 

 down. 1 



None of the Siberian mammals apparently entered 

 Scandinavia at the time when they invaded Central 

 Europe and penetrated as far west as England and 

 Western France. Nor did the great Oriental mammals, 

 like the Mammoth and others, reach Scandinavia; and 

 Professor Pohlig argued, on the strength of these 

 facts, that the latter country was either for a 

 very short time only free from ice, or that it had 

 defective land-communication with the Continent 

 during inter -glacial times. This seems to me 

 scarcely to explain the facts of distribution and 

 account satisfactorily for the absentees. Nor does it, 

 of course, harmonise with the views that I have 

 announced above. Professor Engler's remark (p. 131), 

 that Scandinavia probably projected above the glacial 

 sea as an island, is more in accordance with these 

 views, though the term island is scarcely applicable 

 to that country, since it was always, as I said, in- 

 directly joined to the Continent (vide Fig. 13, p. 170). 

 The fauna of Scandinavia, both fossil and recent, points 

 to a direct isolation of that country from the continent 

 of Europe during a considerable period. 



Another proof that Northern Russia and the low- 

 lands of Sweden were covered by the sea comes to us 

 from a study of the fauna of the relict lakes the 

 " Reliktenseen " of Leuckart. This name was first 

 applied by Leuckart to lakes containing marine 



1 I have already expressed this view on p. 120. 



