282 HISTORY OF THE EUROPEAN FAUNA. 



" The close relationship," remarks Dr. Major (a, 

 p. 106), "shown in the fauna of Corsica and Sardinia 

 to Africa, permits the supposition that the connec- 

 tion with these islands had persisted to a much more 

 recent date than that with Europe." 



Many other authors have pointed out the close 

 similarity existing between the faunas of Southern 

 Europe and North Africa. We need only refer to 

 the writings of Professor Suess, Milne-Edwards, and 

 Boyd Dawkins. Mr. Blanchard went even so far as 

 to say, " a comparer les plantes et les animaux de la 

 Sicile et de la Tunesie, on se croirait sur le meme 

 terrain" (p. 1047). 



No less than 113 species of phanerogamic plants 

 are enumerated by Professor Engler (p. 53) as occur- 

 ring in the Mediterranean coast region east and west 

 of Italy without being found in that peninsula, or at 

 least only in the extreme south of it. But he tells us 

 that these species represent only a portion of such 

 plants, which are extremely numerous. 



In taking a general survey of these plants, Pro- 

 fessor Engler is of opinion that their range implies 

 that a large number of the Mediterranean species 

 have migrated along a line which can be drawn 

 between North Africa, Sicily, Greece, Crete, and Asia 

 Minor, and that from this line the distribution started 

 northward again. 



Asia Minor. Another crustacean a Freshwater Crayfish (Hemicari- 

 dina Desmaresti] inhabits Spain, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, and Asia 

 Minor. 



