THE LUSITANIAN FAUNA. 2Q7 



been found in Madeira, but also that the Canary 

 Islands possess a distinct form of Goneptetyx, viz., 

 G. cleobule. 



Dr. Kobelt has given us such an exhaustive memoir 

 on the characteristic Mollusca of the different 

 zoogeographical provinces of Europe, that we are 

 particularly well informed as regards that group of 

 Invertebrates. He tells us that the group Torquilla 

 of the genus Pupa which is a small chrysalis-like 

 snail is especially characteristic of the Pyrenees, 

 Spain, and Portugal. In a certain measure they 

 replace there the Clausilice which, as we have seen in 

 the last chapter, have come from the east and are 

 almost entirely absent in the south-west of Europe. 

 Of about seventy species of Torquilla, the larger 

 number are confined to this district, and some, which 

 like Pupa (Torquilla} granum, range eastward, have 

 travelled along the old Mediterranean highway, via 

 Algiers, Sicily and Greece, to Asia Minor. They 

 are still found along the whole of this route. 



Sifnilarly, we are told by the same author, that 

 Gonostoma a group of the large genus Helix has a 

 number of species in the same south-western district, 

 while only one, viz., Helix obvoluta, occurs in England 

 and Germany, and two in the Alps. Southward we 

 again find many representatives crossing over to 

 North Africa, among which Helix lenticula has a 

 similar range to Piipa granum, which I have just 

 referred to. The Alpine sub-genus Cainpylcea is 

 quite absent in the Lusitanian district. 



