THE ALPINE FAUNA. 343 



the south of the Ural. This is proved by the 

 numerous glacial plants found in the Caucasus, while 

 the glacial flora of the Ural Mountains is poor. 

 Finally, he expresses the opinion that the probability 

 of most of the Alpine plants occurring in Arctic 

 Siberia, having wandered from the Alps, by way 

 of Scandinavia, Greenland, and North America, to 

 North-eastern Siberia, is greater than the direct 

 migration from Europe to Siberia (p. 143). 



Another continental writer on the Alpine flora who 

 deserves special mention is Dr. Christ. His observa- 

 tion that Alpine plants by no means suffer from a 

 high temperature (p. 309), but solely from a drying 

 up of the soil, seems to me to point to the correctness 

 of the view I have expressed on several occasions, 

 that these plants have originated long before the 

 Glacial period at a time when the climate was 

 warmer and moister than it is now. It seems quite 

 natural to Dr. Christ that the Arcto-Alpine flora 

 should have originated in Asia, but he excepts thirty 

 species which are absent from Northern Asia, though 

 occurring in America (p. 327). These he thinks have 

 penetrated direct from America to the Alps by way 

 of Scandinavia, since no less than twenty-three still 

 occur in the latter country. In the human population 

 of the Alps, he continues (p. 336), one can distinguish 

 an indigenous Celtic race, a Germanic colder and 

 more apathetic race, and a more lively Roman one. 

 The flora is composed of quite a similar mixture. 

 We find also an indigenous element an Arctic and 



