358 



INDEX. 



Endemic species, 10 



Engler, A., 52, 145, 171, 176, 282, 



341-342 



English Hare, 29 

 Ephydatia craierifonnis, 94 

 Epoccus, 167 

 Erebia, 325-326 



athiops, 325-326 



epiphron, 325 



glacialis, 326 



lappona, 326 

 Eremias, 258 

 Erratics, 181-182 

 Eryx jacu/us, 259 

 Euphorbia hiberna, 307 

 European beetles, origin of, 197 



butterflies, origin of, 200 



land and fresh-water mollusca, 

 origin of, 196 



mammals, origin of, 106, 193 

 Etirynebria coniplanata, 302 

 Evotomys Nageri, 314 

 Extension of range, mode of, 38 



Fallow Deer, 251 



Falsan, A., 66, 68-69, 7* 73 



Feilden, H. W., 13, 77, 84-85, 



164 

 Finmark, Greenland mollusca on 



coast of, 171 



Fire-toads, origin of, 259 

 Fischer, P,, 103 

 Fishes, Caspian, 224 

 " Flotsam and jetsam " theory, 20 

 Foraminifera in boulder-clay, 84 

 Forbes, E., 64, 101, no. 114-115, 



171, 288, 339 



Forest-Bed an inter-glacial deposit, 

 70 



corresponding to continental 

 inter-glacial deposits, 120 



fauna of, 232-234 



mollusca, 212-213 

 Fossil glaciers, 220 

 Fresh-water faunas, origin of, 177 

 Fringilla, 293 



ccelebs, 293 



madeirensis, 293 



niontifringilla, 293 



spodiogenys, 293 



teydea, 293 



Frog, introduction of, into Ireland, 



Gadow, H., 139 

 Galapagos Islands, 19 

 Gale odes, 270 



Gammaracanthus relictus, 179 

 Gardner, J. S., 145 

 Garnieria, sub-genus of Clausilia, 48 

 Gasterosteus aculeatus, 92 

 Gaudry, A., 73, 273 

 Geikie, Sir A., 116, 309 

 Geikie, J., 59, 66-67, 70, 75-76, 

 80-83, 116, 129, 163, 181, 216- 

 217, 226-227, 233, 235, 238 

 Geographical changes, importance 



of, 64 

 Geomalacus maculostis, 5> 49? 99? 



102, 115, 298-299 

 Gervais, E., 150 

 Glacial climate in France, 150 



period, climate of, 65-81, 127, 

 149, 182-183 



period in Scandinavia, 176 



period, survival of animals and 



plants during, 65 

 Glaciation of Ireland, 129 

 Glutton, 119, 203 

 Goldfinch, origin of, 257 

 Gonepteryx, 296-297 



ckobule, 297 



cleopatra, 296 



rhamni, 296 

 Gould, J. E., 20 

 Great Auk, range of, 92, 142 

 Greenland flora, 161-162 



flora, survival of, 163-164 



miocene temperature in, 146 



mollusca on coast of Finmark, 1 7 1 



Tertiary plants, 144-145 

 Grouse, 91, 334 



black, 336 

 Gu/o hiscus, 119, 203 



Ilaacke, W., 147 

 Hamilton, John, 161 

 Hamster, 190, 204 

 Hanitsch, R., 94 

 Hare, 2, 29, 90 



Arctic, 2, 90-91 



English, 29 



