362 



INDEX. 



Phylloxera vastalrix, 24 

 Pigs, origin of, 44-46 

 Pika, 41 



Pine-Grosbeak, 191 

 Pinicola enucleator, 191 

 Planorbis dilatetus, 24 



glaber, 167 

 Plants, American, in Ireland, 166 



as tests of climate, 75-80 



migration of, 34 

 Platyarthrus, 299-302 

 Plectrophenax nivalis, 140 

 Pleistocene climate of Asia, 210, 

 214-215 



Europe, climate in, 208-209 



fauna, northern and southern 

 animals in, 72-75 



mollusca, 211-213 

 Pliocene deposits of Sicily, 277 



geography, 276-277 

 Pohlig, H., 176 

 Polar Bear, 134 



Fox, range of, 135, 149 



origin of animals, 147 

 Pole-cat, 190 



Polydesnius gallicus, 115, 302 

 Polynesian Islands, 20 

 Pomalias, 49, 321-322 

 Pontoporeia affiu/s, 179 

 Porto Santo, molluscan fauna of, 25 

 Pouched Marmot, 41 

 Praeger, R. L , 298 

 Praying insect, 269 

 Proboscidea, origin of, 252 

 Psanirnodromus algirus, 295 



hispanicuS) 295 

 Ptarmigan, 91, 142 

 Ptipa, antiquity of, 50 

 Pupa, 297-298 



anglica, 298 

 granum, 297 



ringens, 102 



Pyrrhocorax alpimis, 317 

 Pyrrhula, 191, 255 



e^^rop<za, 191, 256 



major, 191, 256 



Rabbit, introduction of, 27, 31, 291 

 Rana temporaria, 194, 320 

 Range, extension of, 38 

 Rangifer tarandus, 133, 150-158 



Reade, Mellard, 127-129 



Red Crag, Arctic mollusca in, 235- 



236 



Red Deer, 246-250 

 Red Grouse, 91, 142 

 Red-legged Partridge, 29 

 Reguhis ignicapilhis, 257 

 maderensis, 257 

 teneriffiz, 257 

 Reid, Clement, 76, 163 

 Reindeer, range and varieties of, 91, 



133, 149-158 



Relict lakes, 176-179, 223 

 Reptiles, dispersal of, 21 

 Reptiles of Europe, 192-193 

 Rhax, 270 



Rhinoceros, distribution of, 214-216 

 Rhododendron ponticum^ 271 

 Rhopalomesites Tardyi, 302 

 Rock Sparrow, 318 

 Route of migration of Siberian 



mammals, 210 

 Rupicapra tragus, 312 

 Russia, marine transgression in, 



172 



submergence of North, 155 

 RiUimeyer, L., 43, 57, 281 

 Ryothemis, 269 



Saiga Antelope, 39, 204 

 Saiga tartarica, 39, 204 

 Salamandra atra, 319 

 caitcasica, 319 

 maculosa, 319 



Salnionidce, origin of, 92, 143 

 Sandgrouse, migration of Pallas's, 



41, 205 



Sars, O., 177, 223-224 

 Saunders, H., 256 

 Seal, Arctic, 174 

 Sea-urchin, 125 

 Sedgwick, A., 86 

 Scandinavia, absence of Oriental 



and Siberian mammals from, 



176, 206 



during Glacial period, 176 

 Scandinavian boulders, origin of, 



172-173. 



butterflies in America, 167 

 flora, antiquity of, 162, 185 

 glaciers, 172 



