CONTENTS. xiii 



CHAPTER IV. 



PAGES 



PETROGRAPHY - 324-362 



Werner, 324; Nicol, 326; Ehrenberg, 326; C. F. 

 Naumann, 327 ; G. Bischof, 327 ; H. Clifton Sorby, 

 328 ; Ferdinand Zirkel, 329 ; Vogelsang, 329 ; Rosen- 

 busch, 331; Fouque and Michel- Levy, 334; Scheerer, 

 342 ; Durocher, 343 ; A. Daubree, 344 ; Origin of rocks, 

 346; Teall, 349; Broegger, 350; Crystalline schists, 352; 

 Metamorphism of rocks, 354 ; Dynamo-metamorphism, 

 357 ; Lapworth, 360. 



CHAPTER V. 

 PALAEONTOLOGY - 363-424 



General principles, 363 ; Fossil plants, 368 ; Fossil 

 animals, 375 ; Protozoa, 383 ; Spongida, 386 ; Ccelen- 

 terata, 388 ; Echinodermata, 392 ; Brachiopoda, 397 ; 

 Mollusca, 400 , Lamellibranchiata, 401 ; Gastropoda, 

 401 ; Cephalopoda, 402 ; Arthropoda, 406 ; Vertebrata, 

 409; Fishes, 410; Amphibians, 412; Reptiles, 415; 

 Birds, 418; Mammals, 418. 



CHAPTER VI. 



STRATIGRAPHICAL GEOLOGY - - 425-541 



A. The early foundations of stratigraphy, 425 ; B. 

 Special stratigraphy, 438 ; (a) Archaean and pre-Cambrian 

 rocks, 439 ; (b) Cambrian a'nd Silurian systems, 441 ; 

 (c) Devonian system, 448 ; (</) Carboniferous system, 

 450 ; (e) Permian system, 453 ; (/) Triassic system, 

 459 ; () Jurassic system, 497 ; (h) Cretaceous system, 

 514; (*') Tertiary system, 526; (k) Quaternary forma- 

 tions, 538. 



