CONTENTS. 



INTRODUCTION. 



PAGES 



FIRST PERIOD GEOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE IN THE 

 AGES OF ANTIQUITY i-i i 



SECOND PERIOD THE BEGINNINGS OF PALAEON- 

 TOLOGY AND GEOLOGY - - 11-46 



Various opinions about Fossils, 13; Hypotheses of the 

 Earth's origin and history, 23 ; Beginnings of geological 

 observation, 34; G. L. Leclerc de Buffon,4i; Volcanoes 

 and earthquakes, 44. 



THIRD PERIOD THE HEROIC AGE OF GEOLOGY 



FROM 1790-1820 - 46-145 



Pallas and De Saussure, 49; A. G. Werner and his school, 

 56; Leopold von Buch, 61 ; Alexander von Humboldt, 

 64; Hutton, Playfair, and J. Hall, 67; Theories of the 

 Earth's origin proposed by De Luc, De la Metherie, 

 Breislak, Kant, Laplace, 75 ; Local geognostic descrip- 

 tions and stratigraphy: (a) Germany, 81 ; (6) Austria- 

 Hungary and the Alps, 87 ; (c) Italy, 94 ; (d) France, 

 Belgium, Holland, and the Iberian Peninsula, 100; (e) 

 Great Britain, 108; (/) Scandinavia and Russia, 115; 

 (^) America, Asia, Australia, Africa, 119; Progress of 

 Petrography: Neptunists, Volcanists, and Plutonists, 

 122; Palxontology, 125; Text-books and handbooks of 

 Geognosy and Geology, 142. 



