INTRODUCTION. 37 



3. Slates, with intercalations of marble ; 



2. Carboniferous series (with this Fiichsel erroneously in- 

 cluded the Rothliegende, or Lower Dyas) ; 



i. Basal, or "Vein" series, forming the summits of the 

 Harz and Thuringian forest, with erect strata. 



Fiichsel carefully observed and described the fossils charac- 

 teristic of the Muschelkalk, Buntsandstein, the Zechstein, and 

 other series. 



Fiichsel's great work, though it was unfortunately but little 

 known during its author's life-time, became practically the 

 model for the Wernerian School of geologists, and, more than 

 any other individual work, laid the foundation of that rapid 

 development of stratigraphical geology which began in Germany 

 in the next generation. He gave to the geological formation a 

 definite palseontological value, and also represented the surface 

 outcrop of the several formations upon an orographical map by 

 means of corresponding signs, letters, or numbers. Fiichsel's 

 geological maps were the first of the kind in Germany, and his 

 text was further illustrated by detailed geological sections. 



Professor Arduino, 1 in Padua, was the most brilliant of the 

 early Italian stratigraphers. He was the first who sub-divided 

 the stratified rock- succession into Primitive, Secondary, and 

 Tertiary groups. His geological observations were made on 

 the rocks of the Paduan, Veronese, and Vicentine districts and 

 the neighbouring High Alps, and he gave an excellent exposi- 

 tion of the composition, surface outcrop, and order of super- 

 position of the strata in the groups which he distinguished. 



According to Arduino, the Primitive rocks are unfossiliferous, 

 and consist of glassy, micaceous, strongly - folded schistose 

 rocks, through which run innumerable veins of quartz. The 

 Monies secundarii contain a great number of marine fossils, 

 and are composed chiefly of limestones, marls, and clays. 

 Arduino enumerates several minor groups within the Secondary 

 series, and dwells at considerable length on the uppermost 

 white and reddish limestones, the so-called Scaglia (Cretaceous 



1 Giovanni Arduino (1713-95) was Director of Mines in the Vicentine 

 Province and in Tuscany, afterwards Professor of Mineralogy at Padua; he 

 exerted a strong personal influence upon his colleagues in Italy and upon 

 the many foreign geologists that came to Italy for purposes of study. His 

 writings were very numerous and won him great repute. A list of them is 

 given in the Bibliographic geologique ct paUontologique de V Italic, Bologna, 

 iSSi. 



