144 HISTORY OF GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY. 



the Faluns of Touraine (Miocene); the formations studied by 

 Omalius d'Halloy in N.E. France, Belgium, and near Mainz 

 (cf. p. 106); the London Clay of England; the sandy, marly, 

 and clayey strata of the Isle of Wight, which Webster had 

 recognised as contemporaneous with the deposits of the Paris 

 basin ; the fossiliferous gypsiferous marls and lignite of Aix 

 in Provence (Oligocene); the Oeningen shales and marls 

 (Miocene); the fresh-water formations of Auvergne, Provence, 

 Languedoc, Pyrenees, Spain, and Wiirtemberg (Miocene- 

 Pliocene); the brown-coal and lignite in France, Germany, 

 and England. 



The fossils occurring in these strata are also enumerated by 

 D'Aubisson, but there is no attempt to determine a series of 

 paloeontological horizons, or even the relative age of the 

 Tertiary deposits present in the various localities. 



The excellent work of D'Aubisson de Voisins is the only 

 one which merits the name of a text-book for teaching 

 purposes. 



Robert Jameson, who tried to disseminate Werner's 

 doctrines in Great Britain, met with less success in his 

 Elements of Geognosy (1808). The works of Hutton, Playfair, 

 and William Smith wielded a powerful influence, and were 

 guiding British geologists with firm steps towards a right 

 understanding of igneous rocks and the palaeontological 

 succession of organic types. 



An Introduction to Geology^ written by Robert Bakewell in 

 1813, ran rapidly through a number of editions. Although 

 following Werner in the general treatment of the subject, 

 Bakewell took up a neutral attitude on most contested points, 

 and showed a just appreciation of Hutton's views. His work 

 presented a clear statement of the leading geological features 

 of England, and included many of his own observations. 

 Strange to say, Bakewell was no supporter of the determina- 

 tion of the age of rocks by the comparison of fossils. William 

 Smith's investigations were not incorporated, and even in the 

 fifth edition, published in 1838, the name of William Smith 

 was never mentioned. 



Scipio Breislak's somewhat speculative and diffuse Intro- 

 duzione alia Geologia (1811) was rapidly translated into both 

 the French and German languages, and had a fairly wide 

 circulation. It represented a quite different standpoint from 

 the text-books written by disciples of Werner. Whereas the 



